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Tutorial #4

This document provides an overview of network media and cable crimping. It discusses the main categories of network media: copper cable, fiber optics, and wireless. Copper cable can be shielded twisted pair or unshielded twisted pair. Unshielded twisted pair is the most common today and comes in categories that support different speeds. The document also covers how to crimp cables by arranging the wires according to TIA/EIA standards and testing the cable afterwards.

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Velita Trotman
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54 views26 pages

Tutorial #4

This document provides an overview of network media and cable crimping. It discusses the main categories of network media: copper cable, fiber optics, and wireless. Copper cable can be shielded twisted pair or unshielded twisted pair. Unshielded twisted pair is the most common today and comes in categories that support different speeds. The document also covers how to crimp cables by arranging the wires according to TIA/EIA standards and testing the cable afterwards.

Uploaded by

Velita Trotman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

CSE 2103
Computer Networks and
Data Communications I

Tutorials

Devindra Kashrinandan
Prepared by: Mr. Timothy Velloza
Topic in Focus

Network Media
3
Tutorial Outline

▸ Section I: Network Media


▸ Section II: Network Media Types
▸ Section III: Cable Crimping
▸ Section IV: Questions
4

Section I

Network Media
5
Network Media

By definition, a network is an interconnection


of devices. Those interconnections occur over
some type of media. The media might be
physical, such as a copper or fiber-optic cable.
Alternatively, the media might be the air,
through which radio waves propagate (as is
the case with wireless networking
technologies).
6
Network Media

Network media are the physical pathways that


connect computers, other devices and people on a
network. Each transmission medium requires
specialized network hardware that has to be
compatible with that medium. Transmission
media operate at Layer 1 of the OSI model.
7
Network Media

It would be convenient to construct a network


of only one medium but that is impractical for
anything but an extremely small network. In
general, networks use combinations of media
types. There are three main categories of
media types: Copper Cable, Fiber Optics and
Wireless.
8

Section II

Network Media
Types
9
Media Type: Copper Cable (Twisted Pair)

Today’s most popular LAN media type is twisted-


pair cable, where individually insulated copper
strands are intertwined into a twisted-pair cable.
Two categories of twisted-pair cable include
shielded twisted pair (STP) and unshielded
twisted pair (UTP). To define industry-standard
pinouts and color coding for twisted-pair cabling,
the TIA/EIA-568 standard was developed.
10
Media Type: Copper Cable (Twisted Pair)

Twisted-pair has contributed a great deal to the


evolution of communications but advanced
applications on the horizon require larger
amounts of bandwidth than twisted-pair can
deliver, so the future of twisted-pair is slowly
diminishing. It is also highly susceptible to
interference and distortion, including
electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio
frequency interference (RFI), and the effects of
11
Media Type: Copper Cable (Twisted Pair)

The primary applications of twisted-pair are in


premises distribution systems, telephony, private
branch exchanges (PBXs) between telephone sets
and switching cabinets, LANs, and local loops,
including both analog telephone lines and
broadband DSL.
12
Media Type: Copper Cable (Shielded
Twisted Pair)

Shielded twisted-pair (STP) cable combines the


techniques of shielding, cancellation, and wire
twisting. Each pair of wires is wrapped in a
metallic foil. The four pairs of wires then are
wrapped in an overall metallic braid or foil. As
specified for use in Ethernet network installations,
STP reduces electrical noise both within the cable
(pair-to-pair coupling, or crosstalk) and from
outside the cable (EMI and RFI).
13
Media Type: Copper Cable (Shielded
Twisted Pair)
14
Media Type: Copper Cable (Unshielded
Twisted Pair)

Another way to block EMI from the copper strands


making up a twisted-pair cable is to twist the
strands more tightly (that is, more twists per
centimeters [cm]). By wrapping these strands
around each other, the wires insulate each other
from EMI. Because UTP is less expensive than
STP, it has grown in popularity since the mid
1990s to become the media of choice for most
LANs.
15
Media Type: Copper Cable (Unshielded
Twisted Pair)
16
Media Type: Copper Cable (Unshielded
Twisted Pair)

UTP cable types vary in their data carrying


capacity. Common categories of UTP cabling
include the following:
▸ Category 3 (10 Mbps)
▸ Category 5 (100 Mbps)
▸ Category 5e (1Gbps)
▸ Category 6 (1Gbps)
▸ Category 6a (10 Gbps)
17
Media Type: Copper Cable (Unshielded
Twisted Pair)

Most UTP cabling used in today’s networks is


considered to be straight-through, meaning that
the RJ-45 jacks at each end of a cable have
matching pinouts.
Crossover cables use two different wiring
standards: one end uses the T568A wiring
standard, and the other end uses the T568B wiring
standard.
18
Media Type: Copper Cable (Unshielded
Twisted Pair)
19
Media Type: Copper Cable (Unshielded
Twisted Pair)

Some network devices cannot be interconnected


with a straight-through cable. For example,
connecting two PCs or any two similar network
device. For such a scenario, you can use a
crossover cable, which swaps the transmit and
receive wire pairs between the two ends of a
cable.
20

Section III

Cable Crimping
21
Cable Crimping (TIA/EIA-568A Wiring)
22
Cable Crimping (TIA/EIA-568B Wiring)
23
Cable Crimping (TIA/EIA-568 Standards)

1. If you terminate the RJ45 jacks at both ends of


a patch cable with the same standard (either
TIA/EIA 568A on both sides or TIA/EIA 568B on
both sides), you will get a Straight-through cable.

2. If you terminate RJ45 jacks at both ends with


different TIA/EIA 568 standards (one side TIA/EIA
568A and other side TIA/EIA 568B) you will get a
Crossover cable.
24
Cable Crimping (Steps)

1. Strip the cable


2. Arrange the wires based on the TIA/EIA
Standards
3. Straighten the wires
4. Carefully insert the wires into the RJ connector
(double-check to ensure that they stayed in the right order)

5. Crimp
6. Test cable using a network cable tester
25

Section IV

Questions
26
Conclusion

END

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