ROOM : FOSEE R4019

Email : [email protected]
Website : http://mualimintraining.blogspot.com

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LECTURE PLAN

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LAB SCHEDULE
Windows XP
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Power Point
Microsoft Excel

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 Course Assessment
• Quizzes : 5%
• Assignments : 10%
• Project : 15%
• Mid-Trimester Exam : 20%
• Final Exam : 50%

• TOTAL : 100%

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 EXAM FORMAT
Mid Trimester Exam
Date : 10th December 2008, 8pm – 9pm
Format: MCQ, Fill-in the blanks and Short Answers

Final Exam
WEEK 15
Format: MCQ, Fill-in the blanks and Short Answers

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 Books to buy?
• Text Book
Thomson: Shelly
Cashman,Discovering Computers-
Gateway to Information, 2008
• Study Guide
Exercise book – compulsory

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 CHAPTER 1
The History and Basics of Computing

1.1 Computer Applications

1.2 What is a Computer?
1.3 History and Evolution
1.4 Computer Generations
1.5 Classification of Computers

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Computer Application
• Education
• Banking System
• Aerospace
• Business & Marketing
• Government
• Entertainment

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 What is a Computer?

System Unit

A computer is an electronic machine that can be programmed to accept

data (input), process it into useful information (output), and store it in a
storage media for future use
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 History & Evolution

Abacus

Difference Engine Mechanical Calculator

Analytical Engine
1944 MARK I
Howard Aiken at
Harvard University
1951 - UNIVAC1
first commercial computer

1954 - Hewlett and Packard

Met and setup shop in
Garage at Silicon valley
Abacus
Difference Engine Analytical Engine

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Mechanical Calculators
UNIVAC 1
1969 – Internet was 1975 – Microsoft Founded
Bill Gates with Paul Allen
founded
1976

 
Apple I and Apple II
     
                   

1981-IBM PC
PC was
introduced.
1989 – WWW
Invented by
Tim Berners-Lee
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 1994 – Netscape
Founded by
Jim Clark and Marc Andreesen

Many more….

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Question - What is a Computer?

OUTPUT
PROCESS

INPUT

A computer is an electronic machine that can

be programmed to accept data (input), process
it into useful information (output), and store it
in a storage device for future use
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 Computer Generation

1. 1st Generation
2. 2nd Generation
3. 3rd Generation
4. 4th Generation
5. 5th Generation

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 1st Generation (1944 - 1958) : Vacuum Tubes
Memory was made up of
hundreds of vacuum
tubes or sometimes
magnetic drum
Gave off so much heat
that even if they were
cooled by gigantic air IBM Punched Card (input)
conditioners.
Input and output media
were punched cards and
magnetic tapes

Magnetic Tapes (output)

Vacuum Tubes
(memory) 19
UNIVAC ENIAC

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2nd Generation (1959 - 1964) : Transistor
•an electronic switch that alternately allow or disallow
electronic signal to pass, replaces vacuum tubes
•These transistors were made of solid material, some of
which is silicon, therefore they were very cheap to produce
•Much smaller than vacuum tubes, draw less power, and
generate less heat, conduct electricity faster.

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Minicomputer

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3rd Generation (1964 - 1970) : Integrated Circuit

An electronic circuit that packages transistors and other

electronic components into one small silicon chip called
semiconductor.
The number of transistors that is placed on a single chip has
increased, shrinking both the size and cost of computers.
Keyboards and monitors were used.
Magnetic disks were used widely as secondary storage

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Minicomputer

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4th Generation (1971-Present) : Microprocessor

•A silicon chip on which transistors are

integrated onto it.
•Microprocessor can do all the processing of a
full-scale computer – smaller in size , faster in
speed.
•These circuit integrations are known as Large-
scale integrated (LSI) and Very Large-scale
integrated (VLSI) circuits
Microprocessors led to the invention of personal
computers.

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 5th Generation (Present & Beyond)
: Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
concerns with making
computers behave and think like
humans.
The branch of computer
science that deal with writing
computer programs that can
solve problems creatively
AI studies include robotics,
expert systems, games, etc..

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 Questions
• List the 5 generations of computers.
• Magnetic tapes and vacuum tubes were used
in which generation?
• We are now in the _____ generation.
• Explain AI in your own words.
• What is a microprocessor?
• Processor = microprocessor = CPU ( T/F?)
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 3 Directions of Computer Development

  size
– Everything has become smaller
  power
– Miniaturization allowed computer makers to cram
more power into their machines, providing faster
processing speeds and more data storage
capacity.
  expensive
– The price of the hardware is getting cheaper

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 Classification of Computers

(1) Supercomputers
•The mightiest computer
•The most expensive.
•process billions of instructions in a second
•used by some exclusive group only

(2)Mainframe
s
•Process data at very high speed
•less expensive than Supercomputer
•used for processing large amount of data
•user work with terminal e.g Maybank Mainframe
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 (3)Workstations
•Powerful desktop computers
•Used by engineers and scientists for
engineering applications,
software development, application
that require a high amount of
computing power

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(4)Mobile Computing
• Small, portable, wireless
communication device.
• Ex: laptops, wearable computers,
PDAs, USB flash drives.

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(5)Servers
•designed to support a computer network that allows you to
share files, application software, hardware, such as printers and
other network resources.
•Mainframes, personal computers can be used as a server.
•Server computers usually have following characteristics:
•Designed to be connected to one or more networks
•The most powerful CPUs available
•Multiple CPUs to share the processing tasks
•Large memory and disk storage
•High-speed communications capabilities

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(6)Microcomputers / PC
• The most common for home users ,
computers that can fit on a desktop or in
one's briefcase.
• Can perform all of its input, processing,
output and storage activities by itself.

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Types of PC

i. Mini – tower
ii. Desktop

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Why are COMPUTERS
so Useful?
• Storage
• Reliability
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Communication

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 Types of Users
End Users
 Individuals who uses the
product after it has been
fully developed and
marketed.

Small Business Users

 Small companies

Mobile Users
 Traveling people
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 Questions
• 3 advantages of computers?
• 3 types of users?
• Difference : high-end and low-end users?
• Supercomputers are used for _______
• What are portable computers?

See you next week ;)

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