3- Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

Adopted by UN General Assembly

Resolution 217A (III) of 10 December 1948
 Introduction
 The denial of human rights and fundamental freedoms, sowing the seeds
of violence and conflict within and between societies and nations.
 HR are declared as principles in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights: A declaration is not legally binding. It lays out principles and
objectives and carries moral weight.
 However, many countries have cited the UDHR or included its
provisions in their basic laws or constitutions.
 Many HR covenants, conventions and treaties which have the force of
Law concluded since 1948 have been built on the UDHR principles.
 Countries sign the document, a moral and legal obligation to respect its
terms. so it must be ratified by the signatories own parliament to
becomes law.

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 Introduction... 2
 UDHR is one of the greatest achievements of the United
Nations is the creation of HR legislation as a universal code
of HR; a code to which all nations can subscribe and to
which all people can aspire.
 The broadest legally binding HR agreements negotiated
under UN auspices are the International Covenant on Civil
and Political Rights, and the International Covenant on
Economic, Social & Cultural Rights.
 UN Council of HR of the High Commissioner for HR in
Geneva, receive about 400,000 complaints of human rights
violations.

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 The Universal Declaration
of Human Rights (UDHR)
Basic International Pronouncement
of the Inalienable Rights
of All Members of the Human Society
On December 10, 1948 the General Assembly of the
United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
 UDHR Main Provisions:

 Civil Rights
 Political Rights
 Economic Rights
 Social Rights
 Cultural Rights
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 UDHR: International HR Standard
 The UDHR is:
 It Consists of Minimum & Common HR Standard for All
Human Beings,
 It Has 30 Articles:
 Civil & Political Rights (Articles # 3 – 21),

 Economic, Social & Cultural Rights

(Articles # 22 – 27),
 Promotion, Protection & Fulfillment of UDHR
(Articles # 28 – 30).
 Contains No Provisions for Monitoring or Enforcement.

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 UDHR Articles
http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/eng_print.htm

 Article 1
 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.
 Article 2
 Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this
Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin,
property, birth or other status.
 Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,
jurisdictional or international status of the country.
 Article 3
 Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person.
 Article 4
 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade
shall be prohibited in all their forms. 6
 UDHR Articles
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 Article 5
 No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or

degrading treatment or punishment.

 Article 6
 Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before

the law.
 Article 7
 All are equal before the law and are entitled without any

discrimination to equal protection of the law.

 Article 8
 Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent

national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted

him by the constitution or by law.
 Article 9
 No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.

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 UDHR Articles
http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/eng_print.htm

 Article 10
 Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights &
obligations, and of any criminal charge against him.
 Article 11
 Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed
innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he
has had all the guarantees necessary for his defense.
 No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence which did not constitute a
penal offence.
 Article 12
 No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy,
family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and
reputation.
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 UDHR Articles
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 Article 13
 Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within
the borders of each State.
 Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and
to return to his country.
 Article 14
 Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum
from persecution.
 This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely
arising from non-political crimes.
 Article 15
 Everyone has the right to a nationality.
 No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the
right to change his nationality.
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 UDHR Articles
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 Article 16
 Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race,
nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family.
 Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of
the intending spouses.
 The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and
is entitled to protection by society and the State.
 Article 17
 Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in
association with others.
 No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

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 UDHR Articles
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 Article 18
 Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion;
this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom,
either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to
manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and
observance.
 Article 19
 Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression and to
seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and
regardless of frontiers.
 Article 20
 Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
 No one may be compelled to belong to an association.

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 UDHR Articles
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 Article 21
 Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country,
directly or through freely chosen representatives.
 Everyone has the right to equal access to public service in his country.
 The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government;
this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections.
 Article 22
 Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is
entitled to realization of the economic, social and cultural rights
indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.

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 UDHR Articles
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 Article 23
 Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just
and favorable conditions of work and to protection against
unemployment.
 Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for
equal work.
 Everyone who works has the right to just and favorable
remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence
worthy of human dignity.
 Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the
protection of his interests.
 Article 24
 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable
limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.
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 Article 25
 Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and
well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and
medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the
event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other
lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.
 Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All
children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social
protection.
 Article 26
 Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the
elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be
compulsory.
 Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality
and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental
freedoms.
 Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given
to their children. 14
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 Article 27
 Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the
community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its
benefits.
 Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests
resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the
author.
 Article 28
 Eeryone has the right to a world where rights and freedoms are respected
and made to happen.
 Article 29
 All have a responsibility to the place where we live and the people around us,
so we have to watch out for each other.
 Article 30
 Nothing in this declaration means that anyone may weaken or take away our
rights.

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