Scribd
Upload
54 views14 pages

"Introduction": AV-222 Electromechanical Systems

The document is the course outline for an electromechanical systems lecture. It outlines the course details including the textbook, credit hours, evaluation scheme, and topics to be covered. The topics include magnetic field and its interactions, magnetomotive force, magnetic circuits, energy losses in ferromagnetic materials, Faraday's law, Lenz's law, induced force on a wire, induced voltage in a wire, and linear DC machines.

Uploaded by

Syed Haider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
54 views14 pages

"Introduction": AV-222 Electromechanical Systems

The document is the course outline for an electromechanical systems lecture. It outlines the course details including the textbook, credit hours, evaluation scheme, and topics to be covered. The topics include magnetic field and its interactions, magnetomotive force, magnetic circuits, energy losses in ferromagnetic materials, Faraday's law, Lenz's law, induced force on a wire, induced voltage in a wire, and linear DC machines.

Uploaded by

Syed Haider
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

AV-222

ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Lecture No 1

“INTRODUCTION”

Instructor: Flt Lt Ahnaf Lodhi


Class: 84(B)

Avionics Engineering Department


COURSE OUTLINE
• Book
• Electric Machinery Fundamentals 5th Ed
• Course
• 2-0.5 Cr Hr
• Evaluation Scheme (Approximate)
• Theory: 80%
• Quizzes
• Assignements
• OHTs
• End Term
• Lab: 20%
• Labs Gen
• Lab Final
MAGNETIC FIELD AND ITS INTERACTIONS

• A current-carrying wire produces a magnetic field in the


area around it.
• (Ampere’s Law)
• A time-changing magnetic field induces a voltage in a
coil of wire if it passes through that coil.
• (Faraday’s Law, Transformer action.)
• A current-carrying wire in the presence of a magnetic
field has a force induced on it.
• (Lorentz Law, motor action.)
• A moving wire in the presence of a magnetic field has a
voltage induced in it.
• (Faraday’s Law, generator action.)
MAGNETIC FIELD AND ITS INTERACTIONS

•  E and H are electric and magnetic filed intensities


• Measure in V/m and A/m respectively
• D and B are electric and magnetic field densities
• Measures in Coulombs and Tesla respectively
• where is the electric permittivity
• where is the magnetic permeability

• Production of magnetic field (Ampere’s Law)

• Faraday’s Law
MAGNETIC FIELD AND ITS INTERACTIONS

•  Ampere’s Law
• Refer Figure
• N turns of windings
• Ferromagnetic material core
• Quantities
• Mean path length for magnetic
field: lc
• Current producing the field
• Ni

• B: Magnetic Flux density

• Total flux in area A


MAGNETOMOTIVE FORCE
•  Electric Circuit
• Voltage or electromotive force drives the circuit
• Ohm’s Law
• Magnetic Circuit (by analogy)
• Magnetomotive force drives the circuit
•
•
• Where is the reluctance of the circuit
• Permeance
•
• Reluctance
•
MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
• Inaccuracies and approximations in calcuations of
magnetic circuits
• Assumption of all magnetic flux confined in the ferromagnetic
core
• Assumption of mean path and mean cross sectional area
• Permeability of ferromagnetic materials varies with the
amount of flux in the core
• Effective cross sectional area of the core to be greater than
assumed because of air gaps in the flux path
• Fringing effect

• Examples 1.1, 1.2 & 1.3


ENERGY LOSSES IN FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS

• Hysteresis
• Amount of flux
dependent on current
applied and previously
present flux
• Eddy current losses
FARADAY’S LAW
•  Basis for transformer action
• If a flux passes through a turn of wire, a voltage will be
induced in the turn of wire that is directly proportional to the
time rate of change of flux applies

• For N turns

• Minus sign because of Lenz’s law


LENZ’S LAW
“The direction of voltage buildup due to time-varying flux
is such that if the coil ends were short circuited, it would
produce current that would give rise to a flux opposing
the original flux change
• The built-up voltage opposes the change that is
causing it

• Eddy Current losses


• Time varying flux causes voltage
• Voltage causes current to flow in a resistive material
• Resistive losses in form of heat
• Heats up the iron core
MAGNETIC FIELD AND ITS INTERACTIONS

• Motor
  Action
A current-carrying wire in the presence of a magnetic
field has a force induced on it.
•

• Generator Action
A moving wire in the presence of a magnetic field has a
voltage induced in it.
INDUCED FORCE ON A WIRE
• Motor
  Action
A current-carrying wire in the presence of a magnetic
field has a force induced on it.
•
• i = magnitude of current in wire
• l : length of wire in the direction of current flow
• B : Magnetic flux density
• Direction of force given by right hand rule

• Where is the angle between wire and flux density vector


INDUCED VOLTAGE IN A WIRE
• 
• v: Velocity of the wire
• B: magnetic flux density
• l: length of conductor in the magnetic field
• l points along the direction of the wire end making smallest angle
with vector vxB
• Voltage in the wire: Positive end in the direction of vxB
Linear DC Machines (1.8)
• Kirchoff’s voltage law
• Staring operation
• Switch closed at t = 0

• With the application of force, wire moves with a velocity v

You might also like