Vernacular Architecture of Ladakh

SUBMITTED BY,
DHARINEE SAHU
ANARGHA EBIN DEVASSY
LOCATIO CLIMAT VEGETATIO
No Region in indian state of jammu o The weather of Ladakh remains
E a. ANAPHALIS TRIPLINERVIS
N
and chilly and cold for most time of oHerbaceous perennial plant
• Kashmir the year. oAttractive, but not brilliant display
o Extends from the kunlun Ladakh's climate is a little extreme – of bloom in late summer fall
mountain the summers can get a little harsh oHanging them in cool airy shaded
•Ranges, valleys complete the with direct sunlight falling at such place
a high altitude oFlower buds are eaten raw as
beauty
o winters can be really cold, salad
•Of ladakh
•O with temperatures dropping below
highest altitude plateau b. BERBERIS LYCEUM ROYLE
freezing point.
region o Used in food and in
•In india (much of it being over TEMPERATURE folk medicine
3,000 m) VARIATIONS SUMMER c. LACTUCA SATIVA
During day: 17-24 C During oAnnual plant
night: 4-11 C Winter oUsed for salad
during day: 7-9 C d. RUNEX PATIENTIA
During night: -14 - 0 C o Used in leather tanning
o Used to make mustard
color dye
Location of ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir

Vegetation, ladakh
Avg. temperature, Leh
Cultural events at ladakh-
CULTUR TRADITION o Traditional dance
E o Monastic and other religious
S
o Famous for its rich cultural heritage and forms
festivals, which fall in winter, o Traditional folk music
Honesty. provide the excuse for convivial
o known as land of monks and monasteries gatherings.
o People of all the communities live here ino Summer pastimes all over the
peace, free from any prejudice region are archery and polo.
o Jabro, Shondol, Marriage Dance ando Among the Buddhists, these often
Kampa Sumsak are some of the well develop into open-air parties
known traditional dance. accompanied by dance and song,
o Zunglu, Tallu, Marriage songs and Alley at which 'Chang', the local brew
Yato are well known folk songs of made from fermented barley,
Ladakh. flows freely.
o The Buddhist influence on Ladakh o Staple food are sku and thukpa
culture started as early as the 7th century.
Hemis festival, Ladakh

OCCUPATION LIFE DEMOGRAPHIC
STYLE o Leh, Ladakh population-
S
o The economy of Ladakh is mainly • oThe Ladakh people are 150,371
agricultural. Most of the people earn simple and cheerful and • o State- 13,338,542
their livelihood by growing they prefer to remain close o The major races found here are
• barley, wheat and peas. to the nature. the Tibetans, Mons and the
o Keeping livestock, especially yak, o The main culture of Ladakh Dards.
cows, is Buddhism with other bit o the predominant religions in
• dzos, sheep and goats. part of religion of Hindu, the region are Buddhism,
o the people of Ladakh are also Muslims and Christians. Christianity and Islam.
engaged in business, trading in o Their clothes and o The Buddhists and Muslims
textiles, carpets, dyestuffs and appearance are more alike comprise the majority,
narcotics between Punjab and to the Asian and Tibetan concentrated in the north and
Xinjiang, tourism industry and people. east and to the south
government jobs. o women works not only at respectively
home but also works o the Christians form a smaller
outside the home and they minority.
are free to interact with the
men outside their home.
Traditional dresses
"Goucha“ and "Kuntop"
Agriculture
Goat/sheep
herder
URBAN
PLANNING ARCHITECTURE SPATIAL
• The
Old Lehold town is located on the oLAYOUT
Mostly the building are 2 storied
s outhern slope of the mountain o Large houses have courtyards while
terrain allowing the settlement small houses do not have
to face the Sun. o the ground floor is usually a dwarf
o The newer parts are extending storey for keeping livestock, storage
in the plans in the south west purposes and also to collect waste
o Upper storey is used for living purposes Ground floor plan
direction
o The highest point of the leh usually consists of prayer room, store,
town is occupied by the Tsemo toilet and a large room combining
Gompa followed down the function of drawing, kitchen, bedroom
slope by leh palace and then o The timber post is characteristic of
the houses of nobals architecture of ladakh
o The lower part of the o The main living room has a large
settlement is occupied by window facing sun.
First floor plan
commoners and then trhe main
bazar.
South slope Leh, ladakh House in leh

DESIGN CRITERIA AND FEATURES
OBJECTIVE PHYSICAL MANIFESTATION
Resist heat loss o Orientation and shape of
• Decrease exposed surface area building.
• Increase thermal resistance o Use of trees as wind barriers
• Increase thermal capacity(time lag) o Roof insulation, wall
• Increase buffer spaces insulation
• Decrees air exchange rate • and double glazing
• Increase surface absorptivity o Thicker walls
o Air locks/lobbies o
• Reduce shading Weather stripping o
• Utilize heat from Darker colors
appliances o Walls and glass surfaces
• Trapping heat o Sun spaces/green Double glazed glass
Promote heat gain • houses/trombe walls etc.
Trombe wall Thermal insulation in trombe wall

MATERIAL AND TECHNIQUES
o Primary building material is earth and timber
available locally which offer climatic comfort in
wide diurnal range of Ladakh
o Quartzite stone is used only in the partial
construction of forts and palaces especially the
lower storeys to impart additional strength and
provide protection from water. Construction of roof
o Sundried earth blocks(alluvial soil) are the primary
• unit of masonry construction.
o Roofs are constructed in flat spans by using trunk
of the local poplar tree as beams placed about 50-
60cm apart. The diameter of the trunks is 15cm
o A 15 to 20cm layer of drygrass, hay etc. is spread
over the layer of willows and finally finished with mud bricks
plaster of clayeymud
o Floors of lower storey on the ground are made of
• mud while the upper storey in timber
o The lintels of the doors and windows are corbelled
features with ornamentation.
o The sills and jambs are articulated by
• the plaster band often coloured in Red or Black. T
hese timber lintels and plaster bands are the
distinguishable features of the Ladakhi Mud plaster to improve
Architecture Timber lintel insulation
Resist heat loss
Decrease exposed surface area Orientation and shape of building.
Use of trees as wind barriers
Increase thermal resistance Roof insulation, wall insulation and
double glazing
Increase thermal capacity (Time Thicker walls
lag) Air locks/ Lobbies Weather stripping
Increase buffer spaces Decrease Darker colors
air exchange rate Increase surface
absorptivity
Promote heat gain Walls and glass surfaces

Reduce shading
Utilize heat from appliances Sun spaces/ green houses/ Trombe
Trapping heat walls etc
TREES –wind barrier
Roof & wall

insulation
Thick walls
Heavy walls
(mud) and a well insulated roof (timber & mud) dampen the variations of
indoor temperatures.
Use of glass and trombe wall – heat is stored in the building mass
during
the day and warm during the night
• One makes the walls for the first floor, piling up stone and sun-dried
brick,
• and then places wooden beams and floor joists across the walls to
support the second
floor walls above them,
• and repeatedly adds more wooden beams across them.
• Floors and roofs are made of mud treaded on wooden boards.
• Roofs are basically flat, being unnecessary to waterproof, since it
scarcely ever rains.
• Columns are needed midway across larger spans
• First floor - used for stables
• Second floor – for family rooms, such as a sitting room, a
kitchen, bedrooms, and a Buddhist altar room
• A larger house often consists of three floors.
Porc
Kitche
Dinin
g
Bedroo
m

Vernacular Architecture of Ladakh

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Vernacular Architecture of Ladakh

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SUBMITTED BY,

Location of ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir

Hemis festival, Ladakh

South slope Leh, ladakh House in leh

Trombe wall Thermal insulation in trombe wall

Promote heat gain Walls and glass surfaces

Roof & wall

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