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Thermodynamics Lecture #01: Engr. Yasir Yasin Department of Mechanical Engineering

This document provides an overview of thermodynamics concepts including: - Thermodynamics is the science of energy and its transformations, mostly involving heat and work. The first law states energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. - A system is what is being studied along with its surroundings and boundaries. Systems can be isolated, closed, or open depending on if mass and/or energy can cross boundaries. - The zeroth law defines thermal equilibrium. Processes involve changes between equilibrium states. Process types include isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, adiabatic and isentropic.

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58 views19 pages

Thermodynamics Lecture #01: Engr. Yasir Yasin Department of Mechanical Engineering

This document provides an overview of thermodynamics concepts including: - Thermodynamics is the science of energy and its transformations, mostly involving heat and work. The first law states energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. - A system is what is being studied along with its surroundings and boundaries. Systems can be isolated, closed, or open depending on if mass and/or energy can cross boundaries. - The zeroth law defines thermal equilibrium. Processes involve changes between equilibrium states. Process types include isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, adiabatic and isentropic.

Uploaded by

yasiryasin
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Thermodynamics

Lecture #01
ENGR. YASIR YASIN
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Thermodynamics
The science of energy, that concerned with the ways in which energy is stored within a body.
Energy transformations – mostly involve heat and work movements.
The Fundamental law is the conservation of energy principle: energy cannot be created or destroyed,
but can only be transformed from one form to another.
System, Surroundings and
Boundary
System: A quantity of matter or
a region in space chosen for study.
Surroundings: The mass or
region outside the system
Boundary: The real or
imaginary surface that separates the
system from its surroundings.
Types of System
Isolated System
Isolated system – neither mass nor energy can cross
the selected boundary
Example (approximate): coffee in a closed, well-
insulated thermos bottle
Types of System
Closed system
– only energy can cross the selected boundary
Earth can be considered as a closed
system, since it only receives sunlight
(energy), while the overall mass stays
constant, without (almost) any exchange
from space. Another example of a closed
system is a saucepan or frying pan, on a
stove, when its lid is closed.
Types of System
Open system
Open system – both
mass and energy can
cross the selected
Boundary
Water heater
Gas turbine
Properties of the system
Specific properties
Zeroth law of Thermodynamics
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
states that if two bodies are each in
thermal equilibrium with some third
body, then they are also in
equilibrium with each other.
1st law of thermodynamics
The first law of thermodynamics, also known as Law of Conservation
of Energy, states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed;
energy can only be transferred or changed from one form to another.
State, equilibrium and process
State – a set of properties that describes the
conditions of a system. e.g. Mass m,
Temperature T, volume V
Thermodynamic equilibrium - system that
maintains thermal, mechanical, phase and
chemical equilibriums.
Process – change from one equilibrium
state to another
Process
Types of Process
Isothermal Process
Isobaric process
Isochoric process
Isentropic process
Adiabatic process
Isothermal process
A process during which the temperature T remains constant.
An isothermal process is a change of a system, in which the temperature remains
constant: ΔT =0. This typically occurs when a system is in contact with an outside
thermal reservoir (heat bath), and the change in the system will occur slowly enough to
allow the system to continue to adjust to the temperature of the reservoir through heat
 exchange
Isobaric process
A process during which the pressure P remains constant. Pressure is Constant (ΔP = 0)
Isochoric process
A process during which the specific volume (v) remains constant
Adiabatic process
An adiabatic process is where a system exchanges no heat with its surroundings
(Q = 0).
Isentropic process
A process where the entropy of the fluid remains constant.
isentropic process is an idealized thermodynamic process that is
both adiabatic and reversible
The work transfers of the system are frictionless, and there is no transfer
of heat or matter. Such an idealized process is useful in engineering as a model
of and basis of comparison for real processes
Thank you

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