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Math Language

Here are the symbolic forms: 1. ∀x(Sx → Rx) 2. ∃x(Sx) 3. ∃x(Sx ∧ Rx) 4. ∀x∃y(Sx ∧ Lyx) Where: Sx = x is a student Rx = x is smart Lxy = x loves y

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3amabelle arevalo
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38 views14 pages

Math Language

Here are the symbolic forms: 1. ∀x(Sx → Rx) 2. ∃x(Sx) 3. ∃x(Sx ∧ Rx) 4. ∀x∃y(Sx ∧ Lyx) Where: Sx = x is a student Rx = x is smart Lxy = x loves y

Uploaded by

3amabelle arevalo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics

Language and
Symbols
“The laws of nature
are written in the
language of
mathematics.”

- Galileo Galilei
Importance of Language
 To understand the expressed ideas
 To communicate ideas to others

Characteristics of the Mathematics Language


 Precise (able to make very fine distinctions or
definitions)
 Concise (able to say things briefly)
 Powerful (able to express complex thoughts with
relative ease)
English Language to Mathematics Language
 Noun to mathematical expressions
Example: x + 5; sin x; log x
 Sentence to mathematical sentence
Example: 2x + y = 6

The Grammar of Mathematics


 Structuralrules governing the use of symbols
representing mathematical objects
Difficulties
 Theword “is” could mean equality, inequality, or
membership in a set
 Different use of a number (cardinal, ordinal, nominal,
ratio)
 Mathematical objects may be represented in many
ways such as sets and functions.
 Thewords “and” and “or” mean differently in
mathematics from its English use.
Describe the error in each of the
following.
 
•1 N
• (1, 2) where is a function
• or is equivalent to
• Given the function , find the value of
Translate each sentence using mathematical
symbols

1.  0 is an integer.

is multiple of 5.
belongs to both sets A and B.
4. The values of x range from -2 to 5.
5. The square of the sum of x and y is not more than 20.
6. The square of a number is nonnegative.
7. The sum of two consecutive numbers is 31.
Logic

 Allowsus to determine the validity of


arguments in and out of mathematics
 Illustrates
the importance of precision and
conciseness of the language of mathematics
Statement or Proposition
 Must express a complete thought.
A declarative sentence or statement that is either
true or false but not both.

Determine whether proposition or not


 •All multiples of 5 are odd numbers.
• x is a real number.
• Sketch the graph of .
       

Conjunction P and Q True if and only if P and Q


are both true
Disjunction P or Q True if and only if P is true
or Q is true or both are
true
Implication
Implication P
P implies
implies Q Q True
True under
under all
all
If
If P
P then
then QQ circumstances
circumstances except
except
Q
Q ifif P
P when
when P P is
is true
true and
and Q
Q is
is
P
P only
only ifif Q
Q false.
false.
Bi-conditional P if and only if Q True if and only if P and Q
Bi-conditional P if and only if Q True if and only if P and Q
are both true or both false
     
are both true or both false
 

       
Quantification
  Universal

Quantification
 “For all” or “For every”
 
 Symbol: "for every object x in the universe, x > 1", which
 Example: is expressed as " x,  x > 1"

 Existential Quantification
 “There exists” or “For some”
 Symbol:
 Example: “there exists an object x in the universe, x > 1",
which is expressed as "x,  x > 1"
Express the following in symbolic form.

1. All Students are smart.


2. There exists a student.
3. There exists a smart student.
4. Every student loves some student.

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