2 Paraphrasing
2 Paraphrasing
2 Paraphrasing
Jaimie Brzezinski
Quotations should not be over-used, so you must learn to
Avoiding paraphrase and summarise in order to include other
plagiarism
writers’ ideas in your work.
• keeps some
• has a different • has mainly
• retains the same phrases from the
structure to the different
meaning original that are in
original vocabulary
common use
THE CAUSES OF THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
Allen (2009) argues that the best explanation for the British
location of the industrial revolution is found by studying demand
factors. By the early eighteenth century high wages and cheap
energy were both features of the British economy. Consequently,
the mechanization of industry through such inventions as the
steam engine and mechanical spinning was profitable because
employers were able to economize on labor by spending on coal.
At that time, no other country had this particular combination of
expensive labor and abundant fuel.
Evaluate these three paraphrases:
(A.)
The reason why Britain was the birthplace of the industrial revolution
can be understood by analyzing demand in the early 1700s, according
to Allen (2009). He maintains that, uniquely, Britain had the critical
combination of cheap energy from coal and high labor costs. This
encouraged the adoption of steam power to mechanize production,
thus saving on wages and increasing profitability.
(C.)
Allen (2009) claims that the clearest explanation for the UK location of
the industrial revolution is seen by examining demand factors. By the
eighteenth century cheap energy and high wages were both aspects of
the British economy. As a result, the mechanization of industry through
inventions such as the steam engine and mechanical spinning was
profitable because employers were able to save money on employees
by spending on coal. At that time, Britain was the only country with
significant deposits of coal.
Techniques for paraphrasing
1 2
Academic vocabulary Synonyms
PARAPHRASE THE FOLLOWING
ARTICLE USING THE FOLLOWING
STEPS
STEP 1
Find synonyms for the words underlined
(ii) It began in France and Germany, but took off in the United
States.
(iii) There Henry Ford adapted the moving production line from the
Chicago meat industry to motor manufacturing, thus inventing
mass production.
STEP 2
Change the word class of the underlined words, and then re-write
the sentences
(ii) After the second world war the car makers focused on the
styling of their products, to encourage more frequent model
changes.
(iii) From the 1970s there was criticism of the industry due to the inefficiency of most
vehicles, which used petrol wastefully.
STEP 3
Change the word order of the following sentences (other changes
may be needed)