OIL/GAS WELL DRILLING

DRILLING RIGS

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ON-SHORE DRILLING RIG
 DRILLING RIGS

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DRILL-SHIP JACK-UP

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The drillstring
 DRILLING

Drilling string: BHA

Tension
Drill pipes

Neutral point

Compression

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Drill collars

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 Well construction

DRILLING & CORING BITS

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 Well construction
Type of rock bits

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Roller cone (insert) Broken and worn teeth on tricone tooth bit
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 Well construction
Type of rock bits

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PDC bits (Polycristalline Diamond Compact)
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 Well construction
Type of rock bits

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Coring bit
A diamond bit

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 Well construction
Drilling bits : performance

 BIT DRILLING PARAMETERS:

• ROTATION (RPM): 50 UP TO 300 RPM

• WEIGHT ON BIT (WOB) : 5 UP TO 30 TONS

 RATE OF PENETRATION (ROP) : 1 M / HOUR UP TO 30 M / HOUR

 BIT LIFE EXPECTANCY : SEVERAL HOURS UP TO 300 HOURS

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 COST : 5 000 $ UP TO 80 000 $ …

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 DRILLING

Drilling process (principle) …. Drilling of one section

Drill pipes
BOP BOP BOP

Drill collars
Conductor pipe
(ex.dia. 30 in)
~ 77 cm Drilling bit

drilling
(ex. dia. 17 ½”) Set and cement
~ 45 cm casing
(ex. dia. 13 3/8”)
~ 34 cm

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RIH &
POOH drilling Set and cement
(ex. 12 ¼”) casing
~ 31 cm (ex.dia. 9 5/8”)
~ 25 cm
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 DRILLING

Drill string racked in the mast

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 DRILLING

Tripping operation

Elevator is closed on a drillpipe

Set up for tripping

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Roughnecks working on
Derrick Man storing DP at the Rig floor
« monkey board »
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DRILLING

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 Well construction

DRILLING FLUIDS

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 Well construction
Mud circuit on the rig-site
HIGH PRESSURE CIRCUIT
LOW PRESSURE CIRCUIT

Standpipe Power
swivel

Rig floor
Mud pumps
WH & BOP

Shale shakers

Drillpipe

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Jetting effect at
Mud tanks bit nozzles
+ mud treatment

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 Well construction
Role of drilling fluids

Transport cuttings up to surface: clean up bottom hole

Control of formation pressure: mud hydrostatic pressure vs formation pore

pressure

Telemetry of directional (mwd) and logging data (lwd) up to surface

Prevent open hole from caving : mechanical action

Cooling of the rock bit

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Power for mud motor or turbine

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 Well construction
Mud treatment

Gas is stripped by degasser.

Cuttings are eliminated from the mud by shale-shakers.

Shale shakers

Hydrocyclons

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Degaser
Centrifuge
Desanders, desilters, hydrocyclones and centrifugal progressively
eliminate formation-particles from the mud.
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 Well construction
Coring tools

Diamond core cutters

Tungsten carbide

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Core barrel
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 Well construction
Coring operations

Low perm rock Reservoir rock

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Oil

Recovering the core

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 Well construction
RUNNING CASINGS
WELL CEMENTING

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 Well construction
Preparation of casing before running it in hole

Casing cleaned and measured on pipe rack

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 Well construction
Run In Hole casing

Derrick Man on the casing

platform to guide the
casing joint in the casing-
Casing joint in spider-elevator
the mast Elevator and casing spider.

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Casing spider to hang the casing
while a new joint is added

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 Well construction
Cementing casings

ROLE OF CEMENT

 Transfer weight of casing string to borehole

 Anchor casing string run through formation
- Isolation of reservoirs/formations located behind casing

- Ensure annulus seal above formation

 Prevention of all pollutions towards surface
- Prevent formation collapse and swelling (shales, salt, …)

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 Well construction
Cementing casings
CASING CEMENTING SHOE AND FLOAT COLLAR

SIEGE DU
SIEGE DU
BOUCHON DE
BOUCHON DE
CIMENTATION
CIMENTATION

CIMENT
CIMENT RENFORCE
RENFORCE

CLAPET

CLAPET
RESSORT

RESSORT

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SHOE FLOAT COLLAR

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 Well construction
Casing cementing operation
Bottom plug
Mud

Beginning of
cementing operation;

Drop bottom plug

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Float collar

Casing shoe

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 Well construction
Casing cementing operation

Mud
Slurry

Cementing operation in
progress …
Bottom plug

Pumping slurry

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Float collar

Casing shoe

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 Well construction
Casing cementing operation

Top plug
Mud
Slurry

Cementing operation in
progress:

All slurry pumped …

Drop top plug.

Bottom plug

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Float collar

Casing shoe

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 Well construction
Casing cementing operation

Mud

Cementing operation in Top plug

progress

Displacement of slurry by
mud and top plug

Bottom plug on float collar …

Break disc of bottom plug Slurry
and continue displacement..

Bottom plug

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Float collar

Casing shoe

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 Well construction
Casing cementing operation

Mud
Cementing operation
completed …

Top plug on bottom plug

…
All slurry in place in the
annulus.

Pressure test of casing.

Top plug
Slurry
Bottom plug
Float collar

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Casing shoe

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 Well construction

Cementing.exe

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 Well construction

THE RESULT OF ALL THE

DRILLING
WELL-HEAD

OIL/GAS WELL

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 Well construction

DRILL STEM TESTS (DST)

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Well construction

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Well construction

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 WELL COMPLETION
End of drilling and completion operations

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