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A Modified Back Emf Detection Technique of BLDC Motor Drive For Wide Range Control

The document proposes a modified back EMF detection technique for wide range sensorless control of BLDC motors using two reference voltages. Existing back EMF detection techniques either require additional hardware or result in speed dependent delays. The proposed method uses 0V and 0.5V references for low and high duty ratios to determine zero crossing points without delays. This low cost method is suitable for applications like fans, pumps and automotive electric vehicles. Experimental validation and performance analysis will be conducted to evaluate the technique.

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Samraj Mahalingam
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59 views16 pages

A Modified Back Emf Detection Technique of BLDC Motor Drive For Wide Range Control

The document proposes a modified back EMF detection technique for wide range sensorless control of BLDC motors using two reference voltages. Existing back EMF detection techniques either require additional hardware or result in speed dependent delays. The proposed method uses 0V and 0.5V references for low and high duty ratios to determine zero crossing points without delays. This low cost method is suitable for applications like fans, pumps and automotive electric vehicles. Experimental validation and performance analysis will be conducted to evaluate the technique.

Uploaded by

Samraj Mahalingam
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A MODIFIED BACK EMF DETECTION

TECHNIQUE OF BLDC MOTOR DRIVE


FOR WIDE RANGE CONTROL

Presented by
S. Nellaiyappan(0961007)

Guided by
Prof. R. Shanmuga Sundaram M.E (PhD)
EEE Dept
OBJECTIVE
 To Design and implement a wide range of speed
control on Sensorless BLDC motor, by using
modified Back-EMF method for Low cost
applications.
 A comparative study is performed between flux
calculation and modified Back- Emf method.
LITERATURE REVIEW
 There are various techniques followed
for sensorless control of BLDC motor
1) Back EMF based method
2) Flux calculation based method
3) Observer based method
4) Eddy current method
FLUX CALCULATION BASED
METHOD
 The flux linkage is estimated from measured voltages and
currents of the motor
 Based on the initial position, machine parameters, and
relationship between the flux linkage and rotor position, the
rotor position can be estimated.

DRAWBACKS
1) Flux estimation involves lot of commutation and sensitive to
parameter variation

2) Error accumulation problem for integration at low speeds.


ADVANTAGES OF BACK EMF METHOD
 Simple method and easy to implement.
 Wide range of control is possible

DISADVANTAGE
Back-EMF is not present at standstill, Various techniques
has been proposed to overcome this problem.

BACK EMF BASED METHODS


(1) Terminal voltage sensing
(2) Third harmonic back emf sensing
(3) Free wheeling diode conduction
(4) Back emf integration
THIRD HARMONIC OF THE Back-EMF
SENSING
 The third harmonic of the back-EMF to determine the
commutation instants
 The zero crossings of the third harmonic flux linkage are
commutation points.
 This method is not as sensitive to phase delay

DISADVANTAGES

 To sense the third harmonic of the back-EMF, an extra


hardware circuit is required.
TERMINAL VOLTAGE SENSING
 Phase back emf is measured in the floating
winding
 Simple Low pass filter is used to eliminate higher
order harmonics
DRAWBACK
The LPF causes a speed dependent delay in switching
instants so determination of commutation point is
difficult.

THESE DRAWBACKS ARE ELIMINATED IN THE PROPOSED


METHOD
Block Diagram
PROPOSED BACK EMF
DETECTION TECHNIQUE
METHODOLOGY
 The proposed back-EMF detection technique
which uses two reference voltages.
 For low duty-ratio range, e.g., less than 50%, 0 V
is used as reference for Zero Cross Detection
(ZCP) .
 For high duty-ratio range, e.g., greater than 50%,
the reference voltage changed to 0.5Vdc for ZCP.
 The time instant of the Zero Crossing point (ZCP)
of the Back- Emf was derived using calculation
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
Vp - the terminal voltage for phase connected
positive dc link rail during PWM period.

Vn - negative dc link rail

Vo - terminal voltage for floating phase

The terminal voltage of the floating phase depends upon voltage applied to
the phase connected to the positive and negative dc-link rails during PWM
control period.
PWM signal and Terminal voltage

PWM ON increasing Back-EMF PWM off decreasing Back-EMF


BENEFITS
 No current and position sensors are
required.
 Low cost BLDC motor drive.
 Wide range of control
APPLICATIONS OF BLDC MOTOR

 Automotive, battery operated electric


vehicles
 Suitable for low cost application such as
fans, pumps and compressors
 hard disk drive, CPU fan.
 High speed application (up to 100,000
RPM)
WORK PLAN
S. No WORK DESCRIPTION DURATION

1. Literature review 4th week of Aug 2010

2. Study of sensor less control 2nd week of Sep 2010

3. Modeling and simulation of open and 2nd week of Nov 2010


closed loop BLDC motor
4. Preparation and communication of 1st week of Dec 2010
conference Paper

5. Design, Fabrication and Testing 1st week of Jan 2010

6. Hardware realization 2nd week of Mar 2010

7. Performance analysis 1st week of April 2010

8. Report preparation 4th week of April 2010


REFERENCES
 [1] Yen shin lai and Yong kai Lin, “Novel Back-EMF Technique of
Brushless DC Motor Drives for Wide Range Control Without using
current and position sensor” in IEEE Transon Power Electronics vol
23,no.2,March 2008.

 [2] W. J. Lee and S. K. Sul, “A new starting method of BLDC motors


without position sensor,” in Proc. IAS Annu. Meeting, 2004, pp. 2397–
2402.

 [3] G. J. Su and J. W. McKeever, “Low cost sensorless control of


brushless dc motors with improved speed range,” IEEE Trans. Power
Electron.,vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 296–302, Mar. 2004.

 [4] G. J. Su and J. W.McKeever, “Correction to low-cost sensorless


control of brushless dc motors with improved speed range,” IEEE
Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 878–879, May 2004.

 [5] N. Ertugrul and P. Acarnley, “A new algorithm for sensorless


operation of permanent magnet motors”, IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat.,
vol. 30, pp. 126-133, Jan./Feb. 2002

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