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Multinational Company&Computer Ethics

The document discusses multinational corporations and computer ethics. It defines a multinational corporation as a company that operates in more than one country, and outlines their advantages like acquiring raw materials globally, and disadvantages such as trade restrictions. It also examines international human rights and the moral responsibilities of multinational corporations. Regarding computer ethics, the document defines it as the study and analysis of computers' social impact and formulation of ethical policies. It discusses issues like computer hacking, software piracy, and online fraud. It concludes with the "Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics."

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157 views29 pages

Multinational Company&Computer Ethics

The document discusses multinational corporations and computer ethics. It defines a multinational corporation as a company that operates in more than one country, and outlines their advantages like acquiring raw materials globally, and disadvantages such as trade restrictions. It also examines international human rights and the moral responsibilities of multinational corporations. Regarding computer ethics, the document defines it as the study and analysis of computers' social impact and formulation of ethical policies. It discusses issues like computer hacking, software piracy, and online fraud. It concludes with the "Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics."

Uploaded by

premsony
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GE17E51 – HUMAN VALUES AND PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

UNIT V

Multinational Corporations
&
Computer Ethics
Multinational Corporations
OVERVIEW

 What is MNC?
 MNC Structure.

 Advantage and Disadvantage of MNC

 International Human Rights

 MNCs and Morality


WHAT IS A MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATION???
 It is a corporation that:

Manages And/or
Delivers
production services

In more than
one
country
WHAT IS A MULTINATIONAL
CORPORATION? (CONTINUED)
 According to Franklin Root (1994), an MNC is a
parent company that:
 engages in foreign production through its affiliates
located in several countries,
 exercises direct control over the policies of its
affiliates,
 implements business strategies in production,
marketing, finance and staffing that transcend
national boundaries.
EXAMPLES OF MNC
 Ford o Wal-Mart Stores
 IBM oAMAZONE
 British Petroleum oPepsiCo
 Mc Donald’s oCoca-Cola
 Phillips oKFC
 Hyundai
Ownership MNC?
All three of these terms - refer to the degree of
ownership that a parent company holds in another
company.
1. In affiliate or associate are used to describe a
company whose parent only possesses a minority
stake in the ownership of the company.
2. A subsidiary company has 50% or more of its
voting stock controlled by its parent: the parent is a
majority shareholder.
3. A subsidiary company is considered wholly owned
when all of the common stock is owned by another
company. In a wholly owned subsidiary, the parent
company owns 100% of the subsidiary.
MNC Company
Ownership MNC?
•The Walt Disney Corporation owns about a
40% stake in the History Channel, an 80% stake
in ESPN and a 100% interest in the Disney
Channel.

•In this case, the History Channel is an affiliate


company, ESPN is a subsidiary and the Disney
Channel is a wholly owned subsidiary company.
ADVANTAGES OF MNCS

 Acquisition of raw materials from abroad.

 Technology and management expertise acquired


from competing in global markets.

 Export of components and finished goods for


assembly or distribution in foreign markets.

 Inflow of income from overseas profits, royalties


and management contracts.
DISADVANTAGES OF MNCS:
 Trade restrictions imposed at the government-level

 Limited quantities (quotas) of imports.

 Slow down in the growth of employment in home


countries.

 Destroy competition and acquire monopoly.


The ten international rights

1.Right of freedom of physical


movement of people
2.Right of ownership of properties
3.Freedom from torture
4.Right to fair trial on the products
The ten international rights

5. Freedom from discrimination on the basis of


race or sex. If such discrimination against women
or minorities is prevalent in the host country, the
MNC will be compelled to accept. MNCs may opt
to quit that country if the human rights violations
are severe.
6. Physical security. Use of safety gadgets have to
be supplied to the workers even if the laws of the
host country do not suggest such measures.
7. Freedom of speech and forming association
The ten international rights

8. Right to have a minimum education

9. Right to political participation

10. Right to live and exist (i.e., coexistence). The


individual liberty and sanctity of the human life
are to be respected by all societies
MNCs and Morality

1.MNC should respect the basic human rights of


the people of the host countries.
2.The activities of the MNC should give economic
and transfer technical benefits, and implement
welfare measures of the workers of the host
countries.
3.The business practices of the multinational
organizations should improve and promote
morally justified institutions in the host
countries.
MNCs and Morality

4. The multinationals must respect the laws and political set up,
besides cultures and promote the cultures of the host
countries.
5. The multinational organizations should provide a fair
remuneration to the employees of the host countries. If the
remuneration is high as that of home country, this may create
tensions and if it is too low it will lead to exploitation.
6. Multinational institutions should provide necessary safety for
the workers when they are engaged in hazardous activities and
‘informed consent’ should be obtained from them. Adequate
compensation should be paid to them for the additional risks
undertaken.
Assignment

1. Discuss on the pros and cons of


multinational companies from the point of
view of ethics
UNIT V

Computer Ethics
Computer ethics

(a)study and analysis of nature and social


impact of computer technology,
(b)formulation and justification of policies,
for ethical use of computers.
Types of Issues

1. Computer as the Instrument of Unethical Acts-


• The usage of computer replaces the job positions
• Breaking privacy
• Defraud a bank or a client
Types of Issues

2. Computer as the Object of Unethical Act


• Hacking
• Spreading virus
• Health hazard
Types of Issues

3.Problems Related to the Autonomous Nature of


Computer
• Security risk
• Loss of human lives
• In flexible manufacturing systems
Software piracy

Software piracy is defined as illegally


copying software that does not belong to you in a
manner that violates the copyright.

A example of software piracy is when you


download a copy of Microsoft Word from a file-
sharing website without paying for it.
unethical hack

An unethical hack is one that is done without the


target of the hack being aware of it.

It is often done to break into a network system to


steal information or money, and sometimes to
cause damage by inserting a virus or malware
program.
Computer Online fraud

•Computer fraud is the use of computers,


the Internet, Internet devices,
and Internet services to defraud people or
organizations of resources.

• Illegal computer activities include phishing,


social engineering, viruses, and DDoS attacks are
some examples used to disrupt service or gain
access to another's funds.
The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics

1.Do not use the computer in ways that may


harm other people.
2.Do not use computer technology to cause
interference in other users' work.
3.Do not spy on another person's computer data.
4.Do not use computer technology to steal
information.
5.Do not contribute to the spread of
misinformation using computer technology.
The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics

6.Refrain from copying software or buying pirated


copies. Pay for software unless it is free.
7.Do not use someone else's computer resources
unless authorized to.
8.It is wrong to claim ownership on a work which
is the output of someone else's intellect.
9.Before developing a software, think about the
social impact it can have.
10.In using computers for communication, be
respectful and polite with the fellow members.
Assignment

1. Explain the term ‘ computer ethics’

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