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C - Programming Switch and Goto

The document discusses using switch-case statements as an alternative to long if-else chains for selecting different code blocks based on the value of an integer expression. It provides the syntax for switch-case statements, and notes that cases can be out of order, can contain integers or characters, and don't require braces if only one statement. Break statements are used to stop fall-through to subsequent cases. Goto statements are discouraged due to reduced readability and maintainability.

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Dinesh Lasantha
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58 views

C - Programming Switch and Goto

The document discusses using switch-case statements as an alternative to long if-else chains for selecting different code blocks based on the value of an integer expression. It provides the syntax for switch-case statements, and notes that cases can be out of order, can contain integers or characters, and don't require braces if only one statement. Break statements are used to stop fall-through to subsequent cases. Goto statements are discouraged due to reduced readability and maintainability.

Uploaded by

Dinesh Lasantha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Switch Case & goto

We often happen to select one out of many


selections….
Which month you were born?
Which place to go for a vacation?

A series of if statements would handle this


A much better option is there… switch-case-default
#include<stdio.h>
main()
{
int month;
printf("Enter a month 1-12\n");
scanf("%d",&month);
if(month==1)
printf("\nYou Entered January");
else if(month==2)
printf("\nYou Entered February");
else if(month==3)
printf("\nYou Entered March");
.
.
}
Decision using switch
switch (integer expression)
{ case constant 1:
do this;
case constant 2:
do this;
default :
do this;
}
integer expression
Any C expression that will yield an integer value

e.g. An integer constant such as 1,2, 3 or an


expression that evaluates to an integer

Entering a switch it evaluates the expression and the


value it gives is then matched against the constant
values that follow the case statements.
When a match is found :
Execute the statements coming under that matching
case;
all the other statements in the following cases;
finally statements under the default too

When a match is not found :


Execute the statements coming under the default
main()
{ int i=2;
I am in case 2
switch (i)
{ case 1: I am in case 3
printf(“I am in case 1\n”); I am in default
case 2:
printf(“I am in case 2\n”);
case 3:
printf(“I am in case 3\n”);
default :
printf(“I am in default\n”);
}
}
Question : Guess the output…
To stop at.. “I am in case 2” Only -> use break
switch (i)
{ case 1: printf(“I
am in case 1\n”);
break; case 2:
printf(“I am in case
2\n”);
break;
case 3:
printf(“I am in case 3\n”);
break;
default :
printf(“I am in default\n”);
break;
}
Useful Tips
~ Use of case integer expression values may not be in
either ascending or descending order
case 1:
case 101:
case 55:
~ Can use char too case `A`:
case `U`:
case `E`:
Tips Cntd…
~ Can mix integer and character
case 1:
case ‘A’:
case 2:
~ No statements in some cases
case `A`:
case `a`:
printf(‘You typed A or a’);
break;
case`B`:
case`b`:
Tips Cntd…
~ No need of braces to enclose multiple statements
~ default is optional
~ More or less the same as if, but not the same
~ disadvantage is …
Cannot use case i <=35;
~ advantage over if is…..
More strucured
GOTO statement
• goto statement is used to branch unconditionally from one point to
another in the program.
• The goto requires a label in order to identify the place where the
branch is to be made.

goto label; label:


----------- -----------
----------- -----------
----------- -----------
label: goto label;
statement; statement;
Avoiding goto
 When goto is used many compilers generate a less efficient
code.

 Makes the program logic complicated and renders program


unreadable.

 If goto to absolutely necessary, then it has to be documented.


Conditional operators
? And :
sometimes called ternary operators

General form is :

expression 1 ? expression 2 : expression 3

If expression 1 is true, then the value returned


will be expression 2 otherwise expression 3
Example - 1
int x, y;
printf(”Enter value for x”);
Same as
scanf(“%d”, &x); if (X>5)
y=(x>5?3:4); y=3;
This statement will store 3 in y if x is else
greater than 5, otherwise it will store
4 in y y=4;
Example - 2
char a;
int y;
printf(”Enter a character”);
scanf(“%d”, &a);
Y = (a >= 65 && a<=95 ? 1 : 0);
This statement will store 1 in y if x is an uppercase
alphabet otherwise it will store 0 in y
Example -3 on Nested conditional operators

int largest, a, b, c;
printf(”Enter values for a, b and c”);
scanf(“%d %d %d”, &a , &b, &c);
largest = (a>b ?(a>c? a:c) : (b>c? b:c));

This statement will store the largest number


out of a, b and c

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