SamplingDistributions Lecture
SamplingDistributions Lecture
Sampling Distribution of X̅
The sample mean, X̅, is a random variable.
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Sampling Distribution of X̅
If each of you in the class collected your own data you
would each get a different X̅
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Central Limit Theorem
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Central Limit Theorem (cont’d)
This “hypothetical” sampling distribution of the
mean, as n gets large, has the following
properties:
E(X̅) = μ. It has a mean equal to the
population mean.
It has a standard deviation (called the
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Central Limit Theorem (cont’d)
This means that, for large samples, the
sampling distribution of the mean (X̅) can be
approximated by a normal distribution with
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The Sampling Distribution of X̅
By the Central Limit Theorem, X̅ follows a
normal distribution (for large n):
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The Sampling Distribution of X̅
Since this is a normal distribution, we can
standardize it (transform to Z) just like any
other normal distribution.
X E( X ) X
Z = Z
X / n
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Example- Hybrid Motors
In a large automobile manufacturing company, the
life of hybrid motors is normally distributed with a
mean of 100,000 miles and a standard deviation of
10,000 miles.
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Example- Hybrid Motors
SOLUTION (Of course, DRAW A PICTURE!)
Z = (Xi − μ) / σ
Z= = −1
Z= = +1
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Example- Hybrid Motors
(b) SOLUTION (Of course, DRAW A PICTURE!)
(b) Here we are looking at the sampling distribution of the mean. Sample
means follow a different distribution and to convert to Z, we use the
following formula.
= −2
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Other Sampling Distributions
We have been looking at the relationship
between X̅ and µ.
Of course, statisticians will often be
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Implications
The relationship between X̅ and µ is the foundation of
statistical inference
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