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Energy Conversion One: INDUCTION MOTORS (Induced Torque )

The document discusses induction motors and their torque-speed characteristics. It provides equations to calculate the induced torque of an induction motor. The induced torque is dependent on factors like the Thevenin resistance and reactance. It also shows that the torque-speed curve is nearly linear at lower speeds and peaks at maximum torque before declining. The maximum torque cannot be exceeded and occurs when the power consumed in the rotor resistance is at its maximum.

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159 views10 pages

Energy Conversion One: INDUCTION MOTORS (Induced Torque )

The document discusses induction motors and their torque-speed characteristics. It provides equations to calculate the induced torque of an induction motor. The induced torque is dependent on factors like the Thevenin resistance and reactance. It also shows that the torque-speed curve is nearly linear at lower speeds and peaks at maximum torque before declining. The maximum torque cannot be exceeded and occurs when the power consumed in the rotor resistance is at its maximum.

Uploaded by

prasad243243
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENERGY CONVERSION ONE

(Course 25741)

CHAPTER SEVEN
INDUCTION MOTORS … (Induced Torque…)
…INDUCTION MOTOR INDUCED-
TORQUE EQUATION
ZTH=RTH+jXTH = jXM(R1+jX1)/[R1+j(X1+XM)]
• Since XM>>X1 and XM+X1>>R1 , Thevenin
resistance & reactance can be approximated as:
RTH ≈ R1 ( XM/ [X1+XM] ) ^2
XTH ≈ X1
• resulting equivalent circuit:
…INDUCTION MOTOR INDUCED-
TORQUE EQUATION
• The current I2 obtained as follows:
I2= VTH / (ZTH + Z2)=VTH/[RTH +R2/s + j XTH +j X2]
• Magnitude of current:
I2= VTH /√(RTH+R2/s)^2+(XTH+X2)^2
• Air gap power
PAG = 3 I2^2 R2/s=
3 VTH^2 R2/s / [(RTH+R2/s)^2+(XTH+X2)^2]
and rotor induced torque is:
Tind=PAG/ ωsync
Tind=3VTH^2 R2/s / {ωsync [(RTH+R2/s)^2+(XTH+X2)^2]}
a plot of torque as function of speed (& slip) shown in
next figure:
…INDUCTION MOTOR INDUCED-
TORQUE EQUATION
• A typical induction motor torque-speed
characteristic curve
…INDUCTION MOTOR INDUCED-
TORQUE EQUATION
• A plot of speed above & below normal range
shown below:
INDUCTION MOTOR
TORQUE-SPEED CURVE
• Torque-speed characteristics curve provides several important
information
1- induced torque of motor is zero at syn. Speed
2- torque-speed curve is nearly linear between no load and full
load. In this range rotor resistance is much larger than its
reactance so rotor current, rotor magnetic field & induced torque
increase linearly with increasing slip
3- there is a maximum possible torque that cannot be exceeded
(pullout torque) is 2 to 3 times rated full-load torque of motor
(calculated in next section)
4-starting torque on motor is slightly larger than its full-load torque,
so this motor will start carrying any load that it can supply at full
power
5- Note: that torque on motor for a given slip varies as square of
applied voltage. This is useful in one form of induction motor
speed control that will be described
INDUCTION MOTOR
TORQUE-SPEED CURVE
6- if rotor of induction motor driven faster than sync.
Speed, direction of Tind reverses & machine become
Gen. converting Pmech to Pelec
(discussed later)
7- if motor turning backward relative to direction of
magnetic fields, induced torque will stop machine very
rapidly & will try to rotate it in other direction
since reversing direction of magnetic field rotation is
simply a matter of switching any two stator phases,
this fact can be used as a way to very rapidly stop an
induction motor
act of switching two phases in order to stop motor
very rapidly is called plugging
INDUCTION MOTOR
TORQUE-SPEED CURVE
• Power converted to mechanical in an induction
motor:
Pconv=Tindωm
• Note: peak power supplied by induction motor
occurs at a different speed than maximum
torque; and of course no power is converted to
mechanical form when rotor is at zero speed
INDUCTION MOTOR
TORQUE-SPEED CURVE
• Induced Torque & Power Converted versus
motor Speed in r/min (4 pole induction motor)
INDUCTION MOTOR
TORQUE-SPEED CURVE
• Maximum (Pullout) Torque in induction motor
• Tind=PAG/ωsync maximum possible torque occurs when
air gap power is maximum
• Since air-gap power = power consumed in R2/s
maximum induced torque will occur when power
consumed by this resistor is maximum
• If angle of load impedance is fixed, maximum power
transfer theorem states :
maximum power transfer occur when magnitude of
that impedance = source impedance magnitude
• Equivalent source impedance:
Zsource=RTH+jXTH+jX2
• So maximum power transfer occurs when:
R2/s=√RTH^2 + (XTH+X2)^2

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