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Wcdma Codes, Code Tree Concept

WCDMA uses spreading codes to differentiate users who share the same radio resources. There are two types of spreading codes: channelization codes and scrambling codes. Channelization codes separate different channels transmitted on the same scrambling code, while scrambling codes separate signals from different mobiles in the uplink and different cells in the downlink. The spreading code is the combination of the scrambling code and channelization code. Spread-spectrum transmission involves multiplying the original data by a spreading code to produce a wider signal, and then despreading it at the receiver using the same code.

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Sarath Chandran
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231 views15 pages

Wcdma Codes, Code Tree Concept

WCDMA uses spreading codes to differentiate users who share the same radio resources. There are two types of spreading codes: channelization codes and scrambling codes. Channelization codes separate different channels transmitted on the same scrambling code, while scrambling codes separate signals from different mobiles in the uplink and different cells in the downlink. The spreading code is the combination of the scrambling code and channelization code. Spread-spectrum transmission involves multiplying the original data by a spreading code to produce a wider signal, and then despreading it at the receiver using the same code.

Uploaded by

Sarath Chandran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Wcdma codes , code tree

concept
Basics of WCDMA

• WCDMA user uses same radio resources where as TDMA or FDMA user
have their own radio resources allocated.
• WCDMA users signal are differentiated based on codes.
GENERATION OF WCDMA
Channelizat- Scrambling
ion code code

Channel
data
Spreading and Despreading
• Spread-spectrum transmission
• a technique in which the user’s original signal is transformed into another form that
occupies a larger bandwidth than the original signal would normally need
• the original data sequence is binary multiplied with a spreading code that typically has a
much larger bandwidth than the original signal
• the bits in the spreading code are called chips to differentiate them from the bits in the
data sequence, which are called symbols
• each user has its own spreading code
• the identical code is used in both transformations on each end of the radio channel
• spreading the original signal to produce a wideband signal
• despreading the wideband signal back to the original narrowband signal
• Separates users through different codes

• Codes are used for two purposes:


• Differentiate channels/users
• Spreading the data over the entire bandwidth
SPREADING CODE

Spreading code = Scrambling code + Channelization code

Scrambling codes
 Separates different mobiles (in uplink)
 Separates different cells (in downlink)

Channelization codes
Separates different channels that are transmitted on the same scrambling code
 Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes
 Period depends on data rate
CHANNELIZATION
CODE
Code tree
SCRAMBLING CODE

After the Channelization Codes, the data stream is multiplied by a special code to distinguish
between different transmitters.

Scrambling codes are not orthogonal so they do not need to be synchronized

The separation of scrambling codes is proportional to the code length – longer codes, better
separation (but not 100%)

Scrambling codes are 38400 chips long


CONT…
Basic operation of thereceiver for WCDMA
• the upper half of the figure shows the reception of the desired own signal
• the despreading operation with a perfectly synchronized code
• the correlation receiver integrates (i.e. sums) the resulting products (data × code) for each
user bit
• the lower half of the figure shows the effect of
• the despreading operation of another user with a different spreading code
• the result of multiplying the interfering signal with the own code and integrating the resulting
products leads to interfering signal values lingering around 0
Channelization vs scrambling code
Channellization Code Scrambling Code
Usage UL: Separation of physical data UL: Separation of terminals
and control channels from same DL: Separation of
UE cells/sectors
DL: Separation of different users
within one cell
Length UL:4-256 chips 38400 chips
DL:4-512 chips
No. of codes No. of codes under one UL: Several million
scrambling code= SF DL: 512
Code Family Orthogonal Variable Spreading Long 10ms code: Gold code
Factor Short code: Extended S(2) code
Family
Increase B.W? YES NO
THANK YOU

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