What is Cloud Computing?

• “Cloud” is simply a metaphor for

the internet
• Users do not have or need
knowledge, control, ownership in
the computer infrastructure
• Users simply rent or access the
software, paying only for what
they use
• Simple Introduction to Cloud Com
puting
 History of Cloud Computing

• Concept dating back to the 1960’s by John McCarthy, a

computer scientist, brought up the idea that
"computation may someday be organized as a public
utility”
• Idea that revolutionized Cloud Computing: Moving from
clustering computing to grid computing
– Clustering
– Grid
• “In some ways, the cloud is a natural next step from the grid-
utility model,” said Frank Gens, an analyst at the research firm
IDC
 The “Super Computer” in the
Sky
• Two ways of building a “super computer” with enough
power that users can plug into according to their needs
at a particular time:

– Blue Gene Approach

– Google's Approach
 Early Leaders in the Industry
• In 2007, Microsoft made available free software,
www.live.com that connects its Windows operating
system to software services delivered on the Internet
• Launched in July 2002, Amazon Web Services provided
online services for other web sites or client-side
applications
• 3tera launched its AppLogic system in February, 2006
• IBM’s system introduced in the mid 2000’s is called Blue
Cloud
 Potential Issues

• Data residency – time delay between data being

requested and delivered
• Security and confidentiality of data being stored outside
the company
• Business buy-in; convincing companies of the
infrastructure and reliability
 Functionality
• Cloud computing is an emerging technology that is
revolutionizing IT infrastructures and flexibility, and
software as a service (SaaS)
• During this economic time of recession, there are huge
cost-reduction pressures and cloud computing allows
businesses to do just that by tapping into cloud
computing platforms on a pay-as-you-go basis
• Customer retention is vital, especially today in our
economy.
 Functionality

• Software and applications are extremely costly. With

cloud, you rent so the heavy investment is forgone
• Cloud computing is a set of technologies and business
practices that enable companies of all sizes to build,
deploy, monitor and scale applications using resources
accessed over the internet
 What Technologies is Cloud
Computing Replacing
• Cloud computing is replacing large Corporate Data
Centers and unnecessary, expensive private server
infrastructure.
• Web 2.0, SaaS, Enterprise and government users are
adopting cloud computing because it eliminates capital
investment in hardware and facilities as well as reduces
operations labor
Companies Leading in Cloud
Computing
• “Google 101”
– Network made up of millions of cheap servers, that would store
staggering amounts of data, including numerous copies of the world
wide web
– Makes search faster, helping ferret out answers to billions of queries in
a fraction of a second
• Google has invested more than $2 billion a year in data
centers for cloud computing.
• By far the leader in the technology
• Marissa Mayer, Vice President, Search Products & User
Experience, talks about Google Clouds, its product,
uncertainties and future expansions and ideas
– Click here for video
• Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud “Amazon EC2”
– web service interface that provides resizable computing capacity in a
cloud
– designed to make web-scale computing easier for developers
– reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server space from
weeks to minutes
– allows developers to pay only for capacity that they actually use
• “Azure”
– Internet-scale cloud computing and services platform hosted in
Microsoft data centers
– Provides a range of functionality to build applications that span from
consumer web to enterprise scenarios
– Designed to help developers quickly and easily create, deploy, manage,
and distribute web services and applications on the internet.

• Azure tutorial video

 Scalable Pricing and Cloud
Computing
• Models of Pricing
– Free
– Subscription Model
– Pay Per Use
– Perpetual License
– Enterprise Unlimited License
• Click here for an example of Amazon's Pric
ing
What do these Services Offer an
Organization?
• Cloud computing will lead to increase in the
following categories:
– Virtualization
– Usability
– Standardization
– Scalability
 Cloud Computing Usage

• Cloud Computing has 3 major uses:

– Infrastructure as a Service
– Platform as a Service
– Software as a Service
 Infrastructure as a Service

• Defined as delivery of computer infrastructure as a

service
– Fully outsourced service so businesses do not have to purchase servers,
software or equipment
• Infrastructure providers can dynamically allocate
resources for service providers
– Service providers offer this service to end users
– Allows cost savings for the service providers, since they do not need to
operate their own datacenter
– Ad hoc systems allow quick customization to consumer demands
 Platform as a Service

• Provides all the facilities necessary to support the

complete process of building and delivering web
applications and services, all available over the internet
• Infrastructure providers can transparently alter the
platforms for their customers’ unique needs
 Software as a Service
• Defined as service-on-demand, where a provider will
license software tailored
• Infrastructure providers can allow customers’ to run
applications off their infrastructure, but transparent to
the end user
– Customers can utilize greater computing power while saving on
the following
– Cost
– Space
– Power Consumption
– Facility
• To see how Salesforce and Google come together watch
here
 Cloud Computing Pros
• Reduced Hardware equipment for end users
• Improved Performance
• Lower Hardware and Software Maintenance
• Instant Software Updates
• Accessibility
• Less Expensive (Amazon example)
• Better Collaboration
• Pay for what you use
• Flexible
 Cloud Computing Cons
• Security Issues (#1 concern)
• Internet connection
• Too many platforms
• Location of Servers
• Time for Transition
• Speed
The Future of Cloud
Computing
 Cloud is in the Infancy Stage
• Many companies are only using cloud computing for
small projects.
• The trust hasn’t been accepted
• Details such as licensing, privacy, security, compliance
and network monitoring need to be finalized for the trust
to be realized
 Future Educational Uses
• An expansion of Microsoft live@edu
– View Video
• More useful spending of technology budgets
• Classroom collaboration
– View an example from AirSet.com Take a quick tour
• Office Web Applications
• Google Docs
– View Video
 Future Personal Uses
• No more backing up files to thumb drives or syncing
computers together
• Services replace devices
• A single hard drive for the rest of a person’s life,
accessible anywhere with internet
 Expansion
• Resources are expected to triple by 2012, from $16
billion to $42 billion
• Cloud computing is said to be the foundation of the next
20 years of IT technology
 Recommendations
• Too early for large companies to migrate
– Migrate after adequate development time
• Good investment for small businesses
• Personal use will become more prevalent
 References
• Abbott, Marty, and Micheal Fisher. "The cloud isn’t for everyone." 13
Oct. 2008. <http://venturebeat.com/2008/10/13/the-cloud-isnt-for-
everyone/>.
• Baker, Stephen. "Google and the Wisdom of Clouds." BusinessWeek 13 Dec.
2007.
<http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_52/b4064048925836
.htm>.
• Betelho, Bridgett. "Google et al. pitch cloud computing to wary IT pros." 12
June 2008
<http://searchdatacenter.techtarget.com/news/article/0,289142,sid80_gci1
317391,00.html>.
• Brown, Stephen. "Cloud Computing Pros and Cons." 10 Mar. 2009
<http://networkinstruments.wordpress.com/2008/07/22/cloud-computing-
pros-and-cons/>.
 References
• Cloud Computing News Desk. “Cloud Computing: AT&T Joins Google,
IBM, Amazon, Microsoft, Yahoo, Intel, Dell and HP”. 5 Aug, 2008.
• Cloud Computing News Desk. "IDC Finds Cloud Computing Poised to
Capture IT Spending Growth Over Next Five Years." 21 Oct. 2008. 25
Mar. 2009 <http://apache.sys-con.com/node/716384>.
• Espiner, Tom. "Can business trust "immature" cloud computing?" 10
Dec. 2008. Silicon.com. 1 Mar. 2009
<http://software.silicon.com/security/0,39024655,39362814,00.htm>
.
• Higginbotham, Stacy. "10 Reasons Enterprises Aren’t Ready to Trust
the Cloud." 01 July 2008. <http://gigaom.com/2008/07/01/10-
reasons-enterprises-arent-ready-to-trust-the-cloud/>.
 References
• Krill, Paul. "Vendors air the cloud's pros and cons." 24 Nov. 2008.
<http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/11/24/Vendors_air_the_clouds_
pros_and_cons_1.html>.
• Lohr, Steven. “I.B.M. to Push ‘Cloud Computing,’ Using Data From
Afar”. The New York Times, Nov 15, 2007.
• Lyons, Daniel. “People are going to be putting their information not into
some device but into some service that lives in the sky”. Newsweek,
Nov 10, 2008: 152, 19.
• Markoff, John. “Software via the Internet: Microsoft in ‘Cloud’
Computing”. The New York Times, Sep 3, 2007.
• Microsoft Corp. "Microsoft Outlines Benefits of Software Plus Services to
Higher Education at EDUCAUSE." Computer Weekly News 136 (2008).
 References
• Miller, Brad and Schneier, Bruce. “FACE-OFF: Is 'security in the
cloud' the way to go?”. Network World, Feb 13, 2006: 23, 6, p. 42.
• Miller, Micheal. "Are You Ready for Computing in the Cloud?." 03
Sept. 2008. <http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?
p=1234970>.
• Miller, Micheal. "Cloud Computing Pros and Cons for IT
Professionals." 24 Feb. 2009
<http://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1325269http://>.
• Reilly, Pete. "Cloud computing, Virtualization and K-12 Education."
10 Jan. 2009. Worldpress.com. 25 Mar. 2009
<http://preilly.wordpress.com/2009/01/10/cloud-computing-
virtualization-and-k-12-education/>.
 References
• Roque, C. "Cloud Computing: Pros and Cons." 4 Aug. 2008
<http://www.theappgap.com/cloud-computing-pros-and-
cons.html>.
• Shalom, Nati. "Scalable Pricing in a Scalable World." 5 Dec. 2008.
<http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com/node/732443>.
• Vasant, Dhar, Arun Sundararajan. “Plugging in to transformation”.
Ft.com, London, Feb 5, 2009.
• Weinberg, Neal. "Nine hot technologies for '09." Network
World Dec. 2008: 13-17.
 References -
Web Sites

• http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/
• http://www.microsoft.com/azure/default.mspx