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Cell Transport Systems: Henny Rachdiati, Bpharm, MSC., PHD

This document discusses various cellular transport systems including: 1) Diffusion and osmosis, which allow passive transport of molecules across membranes down concentration gradients. 2) Selective transport mechanisms like facilitated diffusion and active transport are needed for larger molecules or those moving against gradients. 3) The sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium out of and potassium into cells using ATP as an energy source.

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Mia Andini
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48 views16 pages

Cell Transport Systems: Henny Rachdiati, Bpharm, MSC., PHD

This document discusses various cellular transport systems including: 1) Diffusion and osmosis, which allow passive transport of molecules across membranes down concentration gradients. 2) Selective transport mechanisms like facilitated diffusion and active transport are needed for larger molecules or those moving against gradients. 3) The sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium out of and potassium into cells using ATP as an energy source.

Uploaded by

Mia Andini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Transport

Systems
Henny Rachdiati, Bpharm, MSc., PhD
Diffusion
 Mixing of materials by their own
random motion
 Mixing occurs from an area of high to
low concentrations
Osmosis
 Basically the diffusion
of H2O through a
membrane
 Since H2O molecules
are small – they can
pass through
membranes (even non-
polar part)
 Follows the same
principles of regular
diffusion (High to low
concentration)
Osmotic pressure
 When a cell is in fresh water, the
concentration of water is greater on the
outside than the inside of a cell. This is
called a Hypotonic solution. When this
happens, water can fill the cell and put
pressure on the side of it causing pressure –
Osmotic pressure. If osmotic pressure gets
too much it can “burst” a cell. This is called
Plasmolysis.

 Many fresh water organisms have built in


“sump pumps” to remove excess H2O. Other
Salt water organisms must pump in water
Osmotic pressure
 Conversely, in a salt-water environment, cells
must pump water into the cell. This is called
a hypertonic solution. The cell can lose
water and "shrivel" this is called crenation.

 Cells in larger organisms are surrounded by


solution with roughly equal concentrations of
H2O and solvents. This is called an isotonic
solution.
Osmosis illustrated

Isotonic Hypertonic Hypotonic


Selective Transports

 Used for molecules which cannot easily pass


through cell membrane because they are
either…
 Too large to pass between phospholipids
 Are polar and cannot pass through non-polar
region eg. ions
 Two basic types
Facilitated Diffusion
 Works by having channel proteins of
different sizes (like a sieve) or ion
channels which allow larger, or charged
molecules to diffuse in/out of cell
Active Transports
 Lets in/out molecules via membrane proteins which actively
pump in/out molecules.
 This requires energy from the cell.
 Moves molecules in 1 direction AGAINST THE
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
 Example is the Sodium-Potassium Pump.
Sodium / Potassium Pump (Adv. Bio)
Pumps Potassium into & Sodium out-of
cell
6 step process

1. 3 Na+ (Sodium) Ions bind to a special


receptor protein
2. Energy (from ATP) is added to the
protein.
3. Protein changes shape, releasing
Na+ from the cell.
4. 2 K+ (Potassium) ions now bind to
the protein
5. Phosphate is released, protein
returns to its original shape.
6. K+ ions are released into the cell
interior
Endocytosis
 Large particles enter cells via endocytosis
 Membrane actively surrounds & engulfs particle or
fluid and forms a vacuole.
 Phagocytosis – Cell eating – involves large particles.
 Pinocytosis – Cell Drinking – involves liquids.
Exocytosis
 Large particles exit the cell via Exocytosis
 Vessicle moves to and merges with the plasma membrane.
 Vessicle ruptures outwards, releasing its contents
Receptor mediated endocytosis
 Receptor mediated endocytosis: ligands bind to
specific receptors on cell surface (coated pits)
 Example: human cells take in cholesterol by this process

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