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Introduction To Programming (C++) Classes and Objects

1. The document discusses classes and objects in C++. It defines a class as a way to bind data and functions together, and an object as an instantiation of a class. 2. Member data refers to data within a class, and member functions refer to functions within a class. Access modifiers like public and private determine whether members are accessible within or outside the class. 3. Examples are provided for declaring a class with member data and functions, defining member functions both inside and outside the class, and creating objects of a class to access members. Memory is separately allocated for each object.

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30 views

Introduction To Programming (C++) Classes and Objects

1. The document discusses classes and objects in C++. It defines a class as a way to bind data and functions together, and an object as an instantiation of a class. 2. Member data refers to data within a class, and member functions refer to functions within a class. Access modifiers like public and private determine whether members are accessible within or outside the class. 3. Examples are provided for declaring a class with member data and functions, defining member functions both inside and outside the class, and creating objects of a class to access members. Memory is separately allocated for each object.

Uploaded by

Nabil Abdullah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

1

Introduction to Programming [C++]


Lecture 05:
Classes and Objects
Learning Objectives
2

To know about:
Class and Object
Member Data and Member Function
Access Modifier
Class Declaration and Creating Objects
Defining Member Function
Get and Set method
Array of Objects
Memory Allocation
Class and Object
3

Class: A class is a way of binding data & its


associated functions together.
Object: An object is an instantiation of a class. In
terms of variables, a class would be the type, and an
object would be the variable.
Member data and member function
4

• Data of a class are called member data


• Functions of a class are called member
function
Access Modifiers
5

A private member is a member which is a


accessible only within the class.
A public member is a member which is
-Accessible within the class.
-Accessible from outside the class by using
an object of that class & the dot(.)
operator.
By default the member of a class are private.
Usually the data member are kept as private &
member functions are kept as public.
Class Declaration and Creating Objects
6

A typical class declaration would look like


class Item{
public:
int a; //variable declaration
int b;

int displayA(); //function declaration


int displayB();
};

Once a class has been declared object can be created. For example

Item x;
Defining Member functions
7

Member functions can be defined in two places


• Outside the class definition
• Inside the class definition
Outside the class definition
8
#include<iostream> int Item::displayA(){
using namespace std; return a;
}
class Item{ int Item::displayB(){
public: return b;
int a=12; }
int b=13; int main(){
Item w;
cout<<w.displayB();
int displayA();
return 0;
int displayB();
}
};
Inside the class definition
9
#include<iostream> int main(){
using namespace std; Item w;
cout<<w.displayB();
class Item{ return 0;
public: }
int a=12;
int b=13;
int displayA(){

return a;
}
int displayB(){

return b;}};
get method and set method
10
#include<iostream> void getData(){
using namespace std; cout<<a<<endl;
cout<<b<<endl;
class Item{ }
private: };
int a;
int b; int main(){
public: Item w;
void setData(int x,int y){ w.setData(12,13);
a=x; w.getData();
b=y; return 0;
} }
Array of Objects
11
/*Write a program that can take input int main(){
information Student s1[2];
of 2 students(ID,CGPA) int i;
and also show the stored information for(i=0;i<2;i++){
on console cout<<"Student 1 ID: "<<endl;
-*/ cin>>s1[i].ID;
#include<iostream> cout<<"Student 1 CGPA:"<<endl;
using namespace std; cin>>s1[i].CGPA;
class Student{ cout<<s1[i].ID<<endl;
//public: cout<<s1[i].CGPA<<endl;
int ID; }
float CGPA; }

};
Memory Allocation
12

For each object of a class, memory is


allocated separately
Memory is allocated for objects, when
objects are declared
More example programs
13
class item int main()
{
{
private:
int id; // member data item t1;
double price; t1.getdata();
char *name; t1.putdata();
public: return 0;
void getdata() //member function }
{
name=new char[50];
cin>>id>>price>>name;
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<"id="<<id<<"price=“

<<price<<"name="<<name<<en
dl;
}
};
More example programs
14
class set int main()
{ {
int m,n; set s;
public: s.setdata(5,10);
void setdata(int x,int y) s.largest();
{ s.show(5);
m=x,n=y; return 0;
} }
void show(int x)
{
cout<<x<<endl;
}
void largest()
{
if(m>n) show(m);
else show(n);
}
};
15

THANK YOU

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