Basic Hydraulic Components(1)

Section 1.4

Element 1.2 Hydraulic Fundamentals

1. Basic Hydraulic System

Hydraulic
Energy Control
Mechanical Valve
Energy

Hydraulic
Engine Actuator
Pump

Hydraulic
Tank
Job

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

 Major Hydraulic Components

Actuators

Directional Control
Valve

Reservoir

Hydraulic Pump

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

2. Hydraulic Power

One (1) Engine power = One (1) E (PS) = 75 kgf.m/sec

Hydraulic power = PQ/C = L (PS) PC (Power Constant) control

Case 1

Q (ltr/min)
Power Constant line
P = MPa
Q = ltr/min
L = PQ / 44.1 (PS) Areas are the same

Case 2
P = kgf/cm2
Q = ltr/min
L = PQ / 450 (PS) P (MPa)

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

 Major Hydraulic Components

RESERVOIR

R N

SU
LOWER
TU

C
RE

TI
PRESSURE

O
N
AREA
ACTUATOR PUMP
HIGH
A

PRESSURE

M
C

TE
TU

AREA

S
A

SY
TO
R

CONTROL

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

 Major Hydraulic Components

Hydraulic Reservoir
The Hydraulic Reservoir will
store sufficient hydraulic fluid
to ensure enough fluid is
available for the hydraulic
system.
The reservoir will allow
contaminates to settle on the
bottom and dissipate heat.

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

 Major Hydraulic Components

Hydraulic Pump.
The hydraulic pump is the heart of the machine.
The function of the pump is to supply the hydraulic system with
sufficient flow to enable the circuits to operate at the correct speed.
There are three types or pumps.

1. Gear Pump.

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

 Major Hydraulic Components
2. Piston Type.

Variable Displacement
Fixed Displacement

3. Vane Pumps

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

 Major Hydraulic Components

Directional Control Valve

Directs the hydraulic flow of oil in the
hydraulic system.

Open Closed

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

 Major Hydraulic Components
Actuators
Convert hydraulic energy (from the pump) into mechanical energy to
produce force and motion.
Actuators can produce linear or rotary movement

Linear motion is produced by hydraulic cylinders

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

 Major Hydraulic Components

Rotary motion is produced using

hydraulic motors.
Hydraulic motors can turn on
direction only or in both
directions

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

 Hydraulic Oil

What is the Responsibility of Hydraulic Oil in Hydraulic circuit?

The fluid in the hydraulic system is the

component that is used to transfer the flow of
energy generated by the pump.
The hydraulic fluid supplied to the actuators
convert the fluid energy to mechanical energy.
1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals
 Hydraulic Oil

What is the Properties of Hydraulic Fluids?

Anti Wear-Additives
Hydraulic oil contains a selected number of additives to increase and
insure anti-wear capabilities.
Anti-Foaming
A liquid can not be compressed but air can, these anti-foaming additives
help the oil absorb the air so as not to effect the operation

Water Separation
Water vapor enters the system through the
reservoir. Oil moving around the system mixes with
the water and becomes what’s known as an
emulsion.
This emulsion promotes rust, acids and forms
sludge. Additives are added to separate the water
from the oil.
1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals
 Hydraulic Oil

Viscosity
Viscosity is a measurement of a fluid resistance
to flow, in other words the thickness of the oil.
Viscosity is important because if the oil is too
thin (Low Viscosity) it may leak past seals, joints
or pumps internal slippage. This will effect the
work equipment performance.

If the oil is too thick (High Viscosity) the work equipment will be sluggish and
require more power to push the oil around the system.
Viscosity Improver
Additives that help maintain the oils viscosity over a wider range of
temperatures

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals

 END OF
Basic Hydraulic Components

1.2 Hydraulic Principles & Components Hydraulic Fundamentals