Binary Numbers & Logic Operation By: Muhammad Usman MSC, M.Phil
Binary Numbers & Logic Operation By: Muhammad Usman MSC, M.Phil
by
Muhammad Usman
Msc,M.Phil
What is Binary Number
System
0 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9
Binary (base 2) number system
consists of just two
01
Other popular number systems
• Octal
– base = 8
– 8 symbols (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
• Hexadecimal
– base = 16
– 16 symbols (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F)
Decimal (base 10) numbers are
expressed in the positional notation
1’s multiplier
Decimal (base 10) numbers are
expressed in the positional notation
10
10’s multiplier
Decimal (base 10) numbers are
expressed in the positional notation
100
100’s multiplier
Decimal (base 10) numbers are
expressed in the positional notation
1000
1000’s multiplier
Binary (base 2) numbers are also
expressed in the positional notation
1’s multiplier
Binary (base 2) numbers are also
expressed in the positional notation
2’s multiplier
Binary (base 2) numbers are also
expressed in the positional notation
4’s multiplier
Binary (base 2) numbers are also
expressed in the positional notation
8’s multiplier
Binary (base 2) numbers are also
expressed in the positional notation
16
16’s multiplier
Counting Counting
in Decimal in Binary
0 10 20 30 0 1010 10100 11110
1 11 21 31 1 1011 10101 11111
2
12 22 32 10 1100 10110 100000
3
13 23 33 11 1101 10111 100001
4
5 14 24 34 100 1110 11000 100010
6 15 25 35 101 1111 11001 100011
7 16 26 36 110 10000 11010 100100
8 17 27 . 111 10001 11011 .
9 18 28 . 1000 10010 11100 .
19 29 . 1001 10011 11101 .
Why binary ?
Because this system is natural for digital computers
1001011
Check
= 1 + 2 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 64
= 75
Convert 100 to Binary
2 100 remainder
2 50 0
2 25 0
2 12 1
2 6 0
2 3 0
2 1 1
0 1
1100100
That finishes our first topic - introduction
to binary numbers and their conversion
to and from decimal numbers
Off On
Low High
False True
We define the following logic operations
or functions among the Boolean variables
x y = x´
0
1
Truth Table for the NOT Operation
x y = x´
0 1
1 0
Truth Table for the AND Operation
(z true when both x & y true)
x y z=x·y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Truth Table for the AND Operation
x y z=x·y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
Truth Table for the OR Operation
(z true when x or y or both true)
x y z=x+y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Truth Table for the OR Operation
x y z=x+y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Truth Table for the XOR Operation
(z true when x or y true, but not both)
x y z=xy
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
Truth Table for the XOR Operation
x y z=xy
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Those 4 were the fundamental logic operations.
Here are examples of a few more complex situations
z = (x + y)´
z = y · (x + y)
z = (y · x) w
2 n
n = number of input variables
Assignment # 3
A. Convert the following into binary numbers:
i. The last three digits of your roll number
ii. 256
B. x, y & z are Boolean variables. Determine the truth
tables for the following combinations:
i. (x · y) + y
ii. (x y)´ + w
What have we learnt today?
1. About the binary number system, and how it differs
from the decimal system