Introduction to Artificial
Intelligence
CS 632
Instructor and timing
• Instructor: Dr. Mushtaq Hussain
• Email: [email protected]
• Timing : Monday, 10:00-12:00
: Wednesday, 10:00-12:00
Reading
• Books :
• S.Russell and P. Norvig, Artificial Intelligence : A Modern approach , Second Edition
• Luger , George & Stubblefield William (2004), Artificial Intelligence: Structures and
Strategies for Complex problem Solving (5 th Ed)
• Nils J Nilson , Artificial Intelligence – A New synthesis , Morgan Kaufman Publishers,
Elsever , USA.
• Patrick Henry Winston , Artificial Intelligence , Third Edition , Pearson Eucation
System in AI
• Ivan Bratko, Prolog- Programming for AI, Third Edition , Pearson Eucation System in
AI.
• Prolog Programming. Paul Brna
.
Grading
• 12- Mid term exam
• 20- Final Exam (Theory)
• 04- Assignments
• 04- Quizzes
• 20- Final exam (Practical)
Lec# 1
• Natural intelligence
• What is AI
• Major AI areas.
• History of AI
Natural Intelligence (NI)
• NI is the intelligence naturally evolved in living
beings in responses to the level of complexity in
problems, challenges etc
• Helps in “ What to do ,When we don not knows
what to do”
• Humans , animals, brids etc
• Thought,Vision, Speech, Hear, Feel
What is Artificial Intelligence ?
• AI is the simulation of human intelligence by machines
• According to the father of AI , John McCarthy “ The
science and engineering of making intelligent machines,
especially intelligent computer programs”
• AI is not nature
• Thought: Facebook use artificial neural network for facial
recognition
• Speech and Hearing: Google Assistant , Siri
• Vision :Capturing traffic Violations
Artificial intelligence is based on the
following discipline
• Computer Science
• Philosophy
• Sociology
• Maths
• Biology
• Neuron Science
• Psychology
Application of AI
• Natural language processing
• Gaming :- Chess etc
• Speech Recognition
• Healthcare
• Music and movie recommendation
• Education: warning system
Major areas of AI
• Natural language processing (NLP)
• Pattern Recognition
• Robotics
• Computer vision
• Speech recognition
• Expert system
History of Artificial Intelligence ?
• 1943. Human Neuron . Walter pitts (1943)
• 1950
– 1956 -John McCarthy proposal of AI in Dartmouth Conference
– Running first AI program at Carnegie Mellon University
– 1958-McCarthy Develop LISP programming language for AI
• 1974
– Faster and store more information
– Think abstractly and natural language processing
• 1980
– A research ,fund and algorithmic tools,
– Computer learn with Experience
– Deep learning techniques
More History
• 2000
– The technology was successfully established
– Lack of government funds and public attention
– China will become the biggest global source of AI
– Third position will be held by India
• Present Condition of AI
– Hold in our lives
– To make insights and guesses in large amounts of information
– Spam or fraud
Lec #2
• Intelligent Agents
• Agent and environments
• Rationality
• PEAS(performance, measure ,environment,
actuators, sensors)
Intelligent Agent
• Program or software which observes or senses
environments
• Three key task Observes
Environments
– Sense –think-act Sensors
• Robotics Agents
• Sensors
– Cameras (eyes)
– Microphone (ears) Actuators Acts upon
– Touch screen (skins )
Intelligent Agent
• Actuators (effectors or actions)
– Joints or Motors
– Speakers (mouth)
• Observes
– Current , history
• Goals of agents
– High performance
– Optimized results (Correct)
– Rational actions
• PEAS (Performance environment actions sensors)
Lec#3
• Intelligent agent types
– Simple reflex agent
– Model based reflex agent
– Goal based agent
– Utility Based Agents
Agent Types
• Simple reflex agent
– perform action immediately on current observation
– Ignore history
– If then rule
– Full observable environments
– Example: AC switch on when temp >45
Agent Types
• Model based reflex agent
– Knowledge base or history plus current based
– Partially observable environment
– what my action do
– condition action rule
– Stored the observation
Agent Types
• Goal based agent
– Expansion of model based reflex agent
– Partially observable environment
– Desirable situation (Goal)
– Supervised learning
– Search and planning
– Example : human
Agent Types
• Utility Based Agents
– Expansion of model based reflex agent
– Utility not goal
– Desirable situation (Goal)
– Utility function
– Deal with happy and unhappy
– Example : GPS system in car
Lecture #4
• Problem solving through uniformed search
– Breath first search
Breadth First Search (BFS)
• Uninformed search techniques (UST)
– A->B->Goal A
• FIFO (first in first out) Queue B C D
• A IJKL
• BCD E F G H I
• CDEF
• DEFGH J K L M
• EFGHI
• FGHIJK
• GHIJK
• HIJKL
