SPACE REQUIREMENT

Facilities and Layout

Planning
 Factors that need to be considered in developing a layout are the
requirement and availability of space (Heragu, 2016)

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 By understanding the flow between machines or the
interaction between departments, a designer can
determine the space necessary to locate machines
(Heragu, 2016)

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 Generally, the shape, size, and space
requirement for each department are
found by actually measuring the
dimensions of the equipment within the
department and obtaining space
requirement information from
experienced personnel on the shop floor
(Heragu, 2016)

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WORKSTATION
SPECIFICATION
Workstation Specification (Thompkins, 2010)

Equipment Material Personnel

space area area
 Workstation Specification
The equipment space for a workstation
consists of space for

The Machine
equipment travel
ta sheet
da e,
ch inery tenanc
ma ain
from ration, m record)
(ope ventory Machine
in Plant service
maintenance
 Floor area (Equipment) = total width x total depth x number of
machines

From routing sheet

(static width plus maximum machine
travel to the left and right)

static depth plus maximum travel

toward and away from the
operator
 Workstation Specification
The material areas for a workstation consist of
space of
Receiving and
In-process Storing outbond
storing inbound
material material
material
t h e unit
f
e n sions o d and the
im andle ught the
the d b e h
to ho
Storing and Tools, jigs, dies, loads material t nown
f k
shipping waste and maintenance flow o e must be
in
and scrap material mach
The material areas = space for receiving and
storing in bound material + space for in process
material + space for storing outbound material +
space for removal of waste and scrap + space
requirement for tools, fixtures, jigs, dies, and
maintenance material
 Workstation Specification
The personnel area for a workstation consists
of space for

Material
The operator
handling

Operator
ingress and
egress
 Workstation Specification
Guidelines
Workstation should be designed so the operator can pick up and discharge
material without walking or making long or awkward reaches

Workstation should be designed for efficient anf effective utilization of the

operator

Workstation should be designed to maximize operator safety, comfort, and

productivity

Workstation should be designed to minimize hazards, fatigue, and eye

strain
The personnel area = space for operator +
space for material handling + space for
operator ingress and egress
Space for operator
Space for operator
Material Handling  Aisle

Aisle should be located in facility to promote

effective flow
 Aisle Arrangement
May result in high
Planning too narrow aisle level of damage

May have safety

problem
Aisle Arrangement
Planning too wide aisle

• Wasted space
• Poor housekeeping practice
 Aisle Arrangement
• The width of aisle should be determined by
considering:
– the type of flow
– volume of flow to be handled by the aisle
 Aisle Arrangement
Recommended Aisle Width for Various Types of Flow
Type of Flow Aisle Width (feet)
Tractors 12
3-ton forklift 11
2-ton forklift 10
1-ton forklift 9
Narrow aisle truck 6
Manual platform truck 5
Personnel 3
Personnel with door opening into aisle from one side 6
Personnel with door opening into aisle from two side 8

Tompkins et al. (2010)

Aisle Arrangement

Two-way flow
• The aisle width should equal
to the sum of the aisle
widths required for the types
of flow in each direction
 Operator ingress and egress

In addition to the space required for the operator work

area and for material handling, space must be allowed
for operator ingress and egress.
Operator Minimum Aisle
travel past stationary object 30 inch
walks between a stationary object and an 36 inch
operating machine
walks between two operating machines 42 inch
 Example of Area
Requirement Sheet
Aisle Allowance Estimates
If the largest load is % aisle allowance
• Less than 6 ft2 • 5-10%
• 6-12 ft2 • 10-20%
• 12-18 ft2 • 20-30%
• Greater than 18 ft2 • 30-40%

Tompkins et al. (2010)

DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION
 Department Specification

Once the space requirement for individual

workstation have been determined, the space
requirement for each department can be
established.
 Department Specification

Equipment
Possible tools Possible dies Plant service
maintenance

Housekeeping
Storage area Operator Spare part
item

Problem
etc
board
Calculate Estimation Space Requirement
Area Station Width Length Requirement
(square meters)
Manufacturing
WS Fabrication 2 9.5 12 228
Strip Shear 4 7 13 364
Chop Shear 3 8 11 264
Punch Press 6 8 11 528
Roll Former 1 6 8 108
Fabrication Total Space Required 1492
WS Spot Weld 1 26 30 780
WS Paint 1 28 100 2800
WS Assembly 1 16 38 608
Total 5680
Allowance 50% 2840
Manufacturing total 8520
Calculate Estimation Space Requirement
Area Station Width Length Requirement
Production Service
Receiving steel 13 25 325
Receiving Cartons 17 19 323
Stores 18 25 450
Warehouse 64 68 4352
Shipping 20 20 400
Maintenance 800
tool&room
Utilities 100
Production Service Total 6750
Calculate Estimation Space Requirement
Area Station Width Length Requirement
(square meters)
Employee Service
Employee entrance 10 20 200
Locker rooms 50 employee 3.5 ft2 each 175
Toilets 10 20 200
Cafetaria 50 empoyee 10 ft2 per employee 500
Drinking fountain 6 15 ft2 each 90
Medical Service 10 10 100
Employee Service Total 1265
Office 11 employee 200 ft2 each 2200
Calculate Estimation Space Requirement
Area Station Width Length Requirement
(square meters)
Manufacturing Total 8520
Production Service Total 6750
Employee Service Total 1265
Office Total 2200
TOTAL BUILDING SPACE REQUIRED 18735
 Exercise
CellMan, Inc., has three manufacturing cells, each of which houses a variety
of manufacturing equipment. One of the cells has six machines. Data
pertaining to these six machines are:

•Add 10 feet to each side of the first two

machine types and 8 feet to the remaining
to allow for operator access, material
handling carrier access, in-process material
storage, etc.
•Additional allowance is 20%
•Determine the total space required.
 Answer
additional area additional area Quantity of
Machine Type No. of Machines Length (right+left) Width (toward+away) Machines
Hobbing 10 10+10 5 10+10 1
Punch press 10 10+10 10 10+10 1
Extruding equipment 20 8+8 10 8+8 2
Injection molding 10 8+8 10 8+8 3
Surface finishing 5 8+8 5 8+8 4
Deburring 10 8+8 10 8+8 2

Machine Type No. of Machines Length Width No. of Machines Space requirement
Hobbing 30 25 1 750
Punch press 30 30 1 900
Extruding equipment 36 26 2 1872
Injection molding 26 26 3 2028
Surface finishing 21 21 4 1764
Deburring 26 26 2 1352
Total 8666
Allowance 20% 1733.2
TOTAL Space Requirement 10399.2
 Study Case
• An entrepreneur is considering to buy land to be built into foodcourt. The foodcourt will has
15 food stand with the size of width and length for each stand is 3 x 3.5 meters, 2 cashier
post with width and length is 1 x 2 meters each, two wastafel post where each post has 3
wastafel with the “footprint” size is 0.5 x 0.5 meter for each wastafel, and two toilets for
female and two for male with dimension for each toilet is 2 x 2 meters. There are three types
of table set that will be placed in the foodcourt which are dining table for 6 people (1 x 2
meters), for 4 people (1 x 1.5 meters) and for 2 people(1x1 meter). Based on the
consideration that the foodcourt visitor may come in large or small group. The foodcourt
visitor capacity is 250 people.
• Help the entrepreneur to determine the width and the length of the land that he will buy. If
the land price is Rp. 250.000/meters, calculate the money to be spent by the entrepreneur
to buy land! Make simple power point based on the problem above! (Note: the
entrepreneur want width:length of the land = 1:2, the number of 6 people table, 4 people
table, and 2 person table is up to you, there’s no wrong number)
THANK YOU 

4/17/20