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Introduction To Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is the use of computers for biological data like genes and proteins. It helps analyze this data to understand biology better and aid areas like molecular medicine, drug development, and agriculture. The field incorporates elements of computer science, statistics, and biology. It is necessary due to the large amount of genomic data now available and helps uncover information hidden in biological sequences and structures.

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344 views15 pages

Introduction To Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics is the use of computers for biological data like genes and proteins. It helps analyze this data to understand biology better and aid areas like molecular medicine, drug development, and agriculture. The field incorporates elements of computer science, statistics, and biology. It is necessary due to the large amount of genomic data now available and helps uncover information hidden in biological sequences and structures.

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Jayank
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i Noida institute of engineering and Technology

(NIET)
Seminar presentation on Bioinformatics

Gaurav kumar
1613310077
CSE VIII-D
What is  Bioinformatics is the use of computers for the
Bioinformatics ? acquisition, management, and analysis of
biological information
 It incorporates elements of molecular biology,
computational biology, database computing,
and the Internet…
… bioinformatics is clearly a
multi-disciplinary field including: computer
systems management networking, database
design, computer programming, molecular
biology.
Why
Bioinformatics is  The need for bioinformatics has arisen from the
necessary ?
recent explosion of publicly available genomic
information, such as resulting from the Human
Genome Project.
 Gain a better understanding of gene analysis,
taxonomy, & evolution.
 To work efficiently on the rational drug designs
and reduce the time taken for the development
of drug manually.
Goals of • To uncover the wealth of Biological information
Bioinformatics hidden in the mass of sequence, structure,
literature and biological data.
• It is being used now and in the foreseeable
future in the areas of molecular medicine.
• It has environmental benefits in identifying
waste and clean up bacteria.
• In agriculture, it can be used to produce high
yield, low maintenance crops.
 Molecular Medicine
Fields of  Gene Therapy
Bioinformatics
 Drug Development
 Microbial genome applications
 Crop Improvement
 Forensic Analysis of Microbes
 Biotechnology
 Evolutionary Studies
 Bio-Weapon Creation
WHERE  In Experimental Molecular Biology
BIOINFORMATIC
S HELPS  In Genetics and Genomics
 In generating Biological Data
 Analysis of gene and protein expression
 Comparison of genomic data
 Understanding of evolutionary aspect of Evolution
 Understanding biological pathways and networks in
System Biology
 In Simulation & Modeling of DNA, RNA & Protein
BIOINFORMATICS
KEY AREA

 Structural Analysis Sequence Analysis Databases


Structural  Prediction of structure from sequence
Bioinformatics ◦ secondary structure
◦ homology modelling, threading
◦ ab initio 3D prediction
 Analysis of 3D structure
◦ structure comparison/ alignment
◦ prediction of function from structure
◦ molecular mechanics/ molecular dynamics
◦ prediction of molecular interactions, docking
 Structure databases (RCSB)
Why Align  One could align the sequence so that many
Sequence ? corresponding residues match.
 Strong similarity between two sequences is a
strong argument for their homology.
 Homology: Two(or more) sequences have a
common ancestor.
 Similarity: Two(or more) sequences are similar
by some criterion, and it does not refer to any
historical process
Basis of Align
Sequence
 To find the relatedness of the proteins or gene,
if they have a common ancestor or not.
 Mutation in the sequences, brings the changes
or divergence in the sequences.
 Can also reveal the part of the sequence which
is crucial for the functioning of gene or protein.
Biological Very fast growth of biological data
Databanks Diversity of biological data:

and Database  Primary sequences


 3D structures
 Functional data
Database entry usually required for publication
 Sequences
 Structures
Database entry may replace primary publication
 Genomic approaches
Application of
 Applications:-
Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics joins mathematics, statistics, and computer science
and information technology to solve complex biological problems.
 Sequence Analysis:-
The application of sequence analysis determines those genes
which encode regulatory sequences or peptides by using the
information of sequencing. These computers and tools also see the
DNA mutations in an organism and also detect and identify those
sequences which are related. Special software is used to see the
overlapping of fragments and their assembly.
Application of  Comparative Genomics:-
Bioinformatics Comparative genomics is the branch of bioinformatics which
determines the genomic structure and function relation between
different biological species. For this purpose, intergenomic maps
are constructed which enable the scientists to trace the processes of
evolution that occur in genomes of different species
 Health and Drug discovery:-
The tools of bioinformatics are also helpful in drug discovery,
diagnosis and disease management. Complete sequencing of
human genes has enabled the scientists to make medicines and
drugs which can target more than 500 genes.
Conclusion  The recent enormous increase in biological
data has made it necessary to use computer
information technology to collect, organize,
maintain, access, and analyze the data.
 Computer speed , memory , exchange of
information over the internet has greatly
facilitated bioinformatics
 The bioinformatics tools available over the
internet are accessible and relatively easy to
use.
References  Mount DW (2004) Bioinformatics: Sequence and
Genome Analysis Available at:
https://books.google.co.id/books/about/Bioinfo
rmatics.html?id=bvY21DGa1OwC&pgis=1

 Claverie JM, Notredame C (2011)


Bioinformatics For Dummies (Wiley) Available
at:
http://books.google.co.id/books?id=4Tw0aZBn
BLEC
.

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