EEE 338

POWER ELECTRONICS
INTRODUCTION TO POWER
ELECTRONICS

Dr. Shahab Ahmad Niazi

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 POWER ELECTRONICS
1. Mohan, Ned, Tore Undeland, and William
Robbins. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications,
and Design. 2nd ed.

2. Rashid, Muhammad H. Power Electronics and Electric

Power. 2nd ed.

3. Kassakian, John G., Martin F. Schlecht, and George

C. Verghese. Principles of Power Electronics.
 EEE338-Syllabus
Introduction of Power Electronics, Solid State Devices for Power
Electronics, Power Diodes, Power BJTs, Power MOSFETs, IGBT,
SCR’s, GTO, & TRIAC and DIAC, SCR Firing & Commutation
Techniques, Thyristors Characteristics, Construction, Operations &
Applications, Thyristors Commutation, Half Wave and Full Wave
Rectifiers, Un-controlled & Controlled Rectifiers. 3 Phase, 6-Pulse, 12-
Pulse and 24 Pulse Rectifiers, AC Voltage Controllers, DC to AC
Converters, Single Phase DC to AC Converters, Invertors, Half Bridge
& Full Bridge Invertors, 3 Phase, 6-pulse & 12 Pulse Inverters, DC to
DC Converters, Design & Analysis of Regulated Power Supplies,
Switch Mode Power Supplies, Uninterrupted Power Supplies.

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 Course Description
Examines the application of electronics to energy
conversion and control. Topics covered include:
Modelling, analysis, and control techniques; design of
power circuits including inverters, rectifiers, and DC-DC
converters; and characteristics of power semiconductor
devices.
Numerous application examples will be presented such as
motion control systems, power supplies, and radio-
frequency power amplifiers.

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 Relation with multiple disciplines

Systems& Signal
Circuit Ct Control theory processing
theory
Control Simulation &
computing
Electric theory Power
machines electronics electronics

electr oni
Power Solid state
systems cs physics
Electromagnetics
electr
Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power
engineering.
 The interdisciplinary nature

Electronics Power
Devices,circuits Static & rotating
学
power equipment
Power
Electronics

学
Continuous,
discrete

连Control
续、离

散
Power electronics is the interface between electronics and power.
POWER ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
 As the technology for the power semiconductor devices and integrated
circuit develops, the potential for applications of power electronics become
wider.
 The power semiconductor devices or power electronic converter fall
generally into four categories :
AC to DC Converter (Controlled Rectifier)
DC to DC Converter (DC Chopper)
AC to AC Converter (AC voltage regulator)
DC to AC Converter (Inverter)
 The design of power electronics converter circuits requires design the
power and control circuits. The voltage and current harmonics that are generated
by the power converters can be reduced or minimized with a proper choice of the
control strategy.
Power Electronics Application
 Power Electronics defined as the application of solid-
state (devices) electronics for the control and
conversion of electric power.
 Power electronics have already found an important
place in modern technology and are now used in a
great variety of high-power product, including heat
controls, light controls, electric motor control, power
supplies, vehicle propulsion system and high voltage
direct current (HVDC) systems.
 POWER ELECTRONIC SWITCHING
DEVICES
1.Uncontrolled turn on and off (Power Diode)

2.Controlled turn on uncontrolled turn off (Thyristors)

3.Controlled turn on and off characteristic (Power Transistor, BJT,

MOSFET, GTO, IGBT)

4.Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT)

5.Pulse gate requirement (SCR(Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) , GTO)

6.Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC)

7.Undirectionalcurrent capability (SCR, GTO, BJT, MOSFET,

IGBT)
 The history
Applicat ion of
fast- switching
Invention of fully- controlled
Thyristor semiconductor
devices GTO
Mercury arc rectifier IGBT
GTR
Vacuum- tube rectifier Power diode Power MOSFET
Power MOSFET
Thyratron Thyristor Thyristor
Thyristor
(DSP)
(microprocessor)
1900 1957 mid 1970s late 1980s

Pre-history 1st phase 2nd phase 3rd phase

Diagram Block of Converters
 Power electronic system

Generic structure of a power electronic system

Power Power Power

input Converter output

Control input
Feedforward Feedback
( measurements Controller (measurements
of input signals ) of output signals )
Reference
Control is invariably required. Power converter along with its controller
including the corresponding measurement and interface circuits, is also
called power electronic system.
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 Importance
Increasing applications of Power Electronic Equipment in Power Systems
Availability of high power
semiconductor devices Control Center

Decentralized renewable Central Power

Solar Power Plants
Station
energy generation sources  CHP House
Increased power transfer Combined Heat and Power Wind Power Plants
with existing transmission Plant (CHP)  Village
system Factory  Commercial
Commercial Building Building
Effective control of power House
Apartment Building
flow needed in a Micro-Turbine
deregulated environment Fuel Cell  Hospital
 Smart House  Commercial
Norms for Power quality  Performance Building
Building

Future Power System

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 Listing of Power Electronic
Applications
 Distributed generation (DG)
 Renewable resources (wind and photovoltaic)
 Fuel cells and micro-turbines
 Storage: batteries, super-conducting magnetic energy storage,
flywheels
 Power electronics loads: Adjustable speed drives

Power quality solutions

Dual feeders

Uninterruptible power supplies

Dynamic voltage restorers
 Transmission and distribution (T&D)
 High voltage dc (HVDC) and medium voltage dc
 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): Shunt and Series
compensation, and the unified power flow controller

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 Role of Power Electronics in
Important Utility Applications
Power Electronic Loads: Adjustable Speed Drives
Switch-mode
Utility Converter

Motor

Rectifier
Controller

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 Role of Power Electronics in
Important Utility Applications
• Transmission and Distribution: Flexible AC Transmission Systems
(FACTS)

E1 E2
P sin 
X
Series Compensation
E
2

E
3
E
1

E E E
1
I - 3
+ 2

S
er
ies
Sh
unt
c
onv
ert
er
c
onv
ert
er

19 Shunt and Series Compensation

 Applications
 Industrial applications
 Motor drives
 Electrolysis
 Electroplating
 Induction heating
 Welding
 Arc furnaces and ovens
 Lighting
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 Hybrid Cars
• hybrid cars, in which the primary electrical system is dominated by
power electronics. Electric cars offer high performance, zero tailpipe
emissions, and low costs, but are still limited in range by the need
for batteries.
• Hybrid car designs use various strategies to combine both an engine
and electrical elements to gain advantages of each.
• Inverters and DC-DC converters rated for many kilowatts serve as
primary energy control blocks.

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 Transportation applications

 Trains & locomotives

 Subways
 Trolley buses
 Magnetic levitation
 Electric vehicles
 Automotive electronics
 Ship power systems
 Aircraft power systems
 Applications in space technology

 Spaceship power systems

 Satellite power systems
 Space vehicle power systems
 Trends
It is estimated that in developed countries now 60% of the electric
energy goes through some kind of power electronics converters before it
is finally used. Power electronics has been making major contributions
to:
Better performance of power supplies and better control of electric
equipment

Energy saving

Environment protection
 Heat Removal Mechanism

Fin-type Heat Sink SCR (hokey-puck-type) on

power pakkits

SCR (stud-type) on air-cooled kits Assembly of power converters

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 Ratings of Power Devices

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 Summary
 Power electronics uses low power electronics
(ICs), control, and switching power devices for
power converter and/or processing from one form
to another.

 The characteristics of the power devices play a

major role in the speed and effectiveness of the
power conversion.

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