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Circular Waveguides

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373 views35 pages

Circular Waveguides

Uploaded by

Alas Mallari Donato
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CIRCULAR

WAVEGUIDE

COMEC 513
CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
 Offer implementation advantages over
rectangular waveguide in that installation is
much simpler when forming runs for turns and
offsets - particularly when large radii are
involved –
 Wind loading is less on a round cross-section,
meaning towers do not need to be as robust.
 Manufacturing is generally simpler, too, since
only one dimension - the radius - needs to be
maintained.
 Applications where differential rotation is
required, like a rotary joint for a radar antenna,
absolutely require a circular cross-section, so
even if rectangular waveguide is used for the
primary routing, a transition to circular - and
then possibly back to rectangular - is needed.
Circular Waveguides
Figure 3.17 (p. 129)
Field lines for the (a) TEM and (b) TE11 modes of a coaxial line.

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar


Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons
Figure 3.14 (p. 125)
Field lines for some of the lower order modes of a circular waveguide.
Reprinted from Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics , Ramo et al, © Wiley,
1965)

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar


Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons
CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
 Calculations for circular waveguide requires the
application of Bessel functions

 determining cutoff frequencies, field strengths,


and any of the other standard values associated
with circular waveguide can be done relatively
easily.

 The formulas IN THE NEXT SLIDE represent


those quantities most commonly needed for
circular waveguides.
The lower cutoff frequency (or wavelength) for a particular TE mode in
circular waveguide is determined by the following equation: (m),
where p'mn is
 
CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
Qty TE Modes TM Modes

0
Hz

0
Ez

Hr

Hϕ
CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
Qty TE Modes TM Modes

Er

Eϕ

βnm

Zh,nm
CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
Qty TE Modes TM Modes

Ze,nm

kc,nm

λc,nm

Power
††
CIRCULAR WAVEGUIDE
Qty TE Modes TM Modes

α†

The expression for α is not valid for degenerate modes.


Equations derived from "Foundations for Microwave
Engineering, R.E. Collin, McGraw-Hill
Circular Waveguide
 TE (Transverse Electric)
Mode
 The lower cutoff frequency (or
wavelength) for a particular TE
mode in circular waveguide is
determined by the following
equation:
(m)

Where p'mn is:


m p'm1 p'm2 p'm3
0 3.832 7.016 10.174
1 1.841 5.331 8.536
2 3.054 6.706 9.970
Circular Waveguide
 TM (Transverse Magnetic)
Mode
 The lower cutoff frequency (or
wavelength) for a particular TM
mode in circular waveguide is
determined by the following
equation:
(m)

Where p'mn is:

Note: in some other m pm1 pm2 pm3


textbook, p’mn kr ; 0 2.405 5.520 8.654
solution of a Bessel 1 3.832 7.016 10.174
function equation.
2 5.135 8.417 11.620
Cutoff Frequency: TMz (cont.)
P’mn or X’np values
p\n 0 1 2 3 4 5

1 2.405 3.832 5.136 6.380 7.588 8.771

2 5.520 7.016 8.417 9.761 11.065 12.339

3 8.654 10.173 11.620 13.015 14.372

4 11.792 13.324 14.796

TM01, TM11, TM21, TM02, ……..


Cutoff Frequency: TEz
k z2  k 2  k 2


xnp
kz  0 k  k 
a

xnp
2 f c  
a
Cutoff frequency TE

 c  
fc TE
  xnp
 2 a 
Cutoff Frequency:TEz
P’mn or X’np values
p\n 0 1 2 3 4 5

1 3.832 1.841 3.054 4.201 5.317 5.416

2 7.016 5.331 6.706 8.015 9.282 10.520

3 10.173 8.536 9.969 11.346 12.682 13.987

4 13.324 11.706 13.170

TE11, TE21, TE01, TE31, ……..


Cutoff Frequency: TMz
k z2  k 2  k 2

xnp
kz  0 k  k 
a
xnp
2 f c  
a

 c 
fc TM
  xnp
 2 a 
Cutoff Frequency: TMz (cont.)
xnp values
p\n 0 1 2 3 4 5

1 2.405 3.832 5.136 6.380 7.588 8.771

2 5.520 7.016 8.417 9.761 11.065 12.339

3 8.654 10.173 11.620 13.015 14.372

4 11.792 13.324 14.796

TM01, TM11, TM21, TM02, ……..


TE11 Mode
The dominant mode of circular waveguide is the TE11 mode.

Electric field
Magnetic field

TE10 mode of TE11 mode of


rectangular waveguide circular waveguide

The mode can be thought of as an evolution of the TE10 mode of


rectangular waveguide as the boundary changes shape.
Attenuation Property (cont.)
c TE11 TM01 TE21 TM11

TE01

f
fc, TE11 fc, TM01 fc, TE21 fc, TE01
Figure 3.4 (p. 105)
Attenuation due to conductor
loss for the TEM, TM, and TE1
modes of a parallel plate
waveguide.

Microwave Engineering,
3rd Edition by David M.
Pozar
Copyright © 2004 John
Wiley & Sons
Figure 3.2 (p. 98)
Geometry of a parallel plate waveguide.

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar


Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons
Figure 3.3 (p. 102)
Bouncing plane wave interpretation of the TM1 parallel plate waveguide
mode.

Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar


Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons
Figure 3.5 (p. 106)
Field lines for the (a) TEM, (b) TM1, and (c) TE1 modes of a parallel
plate waveguide. There is no variation across the width of the
Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar waveguide.
Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons
Figure 3.6 (p. 107)
Photograph of Ka-band (WR-28) rectangular waveguide components. Clockwise from top: a
variable attenuator, and E-H (magic) tee junction, a directional coupler, an adaptor to ridge
waveguide, an E-plane swept bend, an adjustable short, and a sliding matched load.
Courtesy of Agilent Technologies, Santa Rosa, CA
Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar
Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons
Figure on page 117
Reference: Montgomery, et al., Principles of Microwave Circuits, McGraw-Hill,
1948)
Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition by David M. Pozar
Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons
CIRCULAR & OTHER WAVEGUIDES

CUTOFF WAVELENGHT:
EAXAMPLE 10-9:

Calculate the cutoff wavelength, the guide wavelength and the characteristic
wave impedance of a circular waveguide whose internal diameter is 4 cm, for a
10-GHz signal propagated in it in the TE11 mode.

2π (4/2) = 6.83 cm
λo = 1.84
λo
Example 10-10: Calculate the ratio of the cross section of a circular
waveguide to that of a rectangular one if each is to have the same cutoff
wavelenght for its dominant mode.
ATTENUATION IN WAVEGUIDES
Example 10-11: Calculate the voltage attenuation provided by a 25-cm length
of waveguide having a=1 cm & b=0.5 cm, in which a 1-GHz signal is
propagated in the dominant mode.
 END OF PRESENTATION

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