Graphics Design (CHAPTER 16) : Jeyanthi V G

GRAPHICS DESIGN
(CHAPTER 16)
INTRODUCTION
BY JEYANTHI V G
GRAPHICS SOFTWARE
• The range of pictures, drawings and images which can be

produced by a computer are called graphics. The main types
of graphics packages are
• painting,
• drawing,
• photo editing and
• CAD.
PAINTING PACKAGES
A PAINTING APPLICATION ALLOWS FREEHAND DRAWING AND COLOURING, USUALLY
WITH A MOUSE. GENERALLY THE FEATURES ARE :
• A palette from which the user can choose • Bitmap graphics

colors • Bitmap graphics made with painting
• Freehand pens and brushes offering packages consist of many tiny dots called
different styles and line thickness pixels. It is possible to edit each individual
• Range of standard shape tools such as pixel.
rectangles and circles • Since the computer has to store
information about every single pixel (the
• Color fill tools
colour for example) in the image, the file
• Spray cans and eraser tools size of a bitmap graphic is often quite
• Cut, copy, paste and zoom (to work in large. Bitmap graphics lose quality when
finer detail) they're resized.
DRAWING PACKAGES
IMAGES MADE WITH DRAWING PACKAGES CONSIST OF LINES, SHAPES AND CO-ORDINATES. DRAWING PACKAGES ARE ALSO KNOWN AS VECTOR
DRAWING PACKAGES. GENERALLY A DRAWING PACKAGE OFFERS MANY SIMILAR FEATURES TO A PAINTING.
• Vector graphics Advantages
Vector graphics are based on mathematical • Smaller file size - vector graphics, unlike bitmap
images, do not store data about each individual pixel.
relationships with control points that make up the
For a large illustration, such as a poster, a vector graphic
image. Information is not stored about each pixel.
would have a significantly smaller file size compared to
These points are connected by lines and curves a bitmap image.
called vector paths or vectors. • Scalable - when you resize a vector graphic the
• Vector objects mathematical relationships mean that the image does
not lose quality. A vector graphic the size of a postage
A vector object is a shape made up of vector
stamp could be resized to be used on a poster and the
paths. It is possible to edit each object separately,
image would still be clear.
for example, change the shape, stroke, fill, size
Disadvantage
and position. A stroke follows the outline of the
• Vector graphics are never going to be as lifelike as
vector path and a fill adds a colour to the area
bitmaps or photos. They will always appear computer
inside the path. generated.
PHOTO EDITING
PHOTO EDITING SOFTWARE ALLOWS THE USER TO EDIT AND ADJUST PHOTOGRAPHS. USUALLY THESE PHOTOS COME FROM
A DIGITAL CAMERA, BUT THEY COULD ALSO BE SCANNED FROM EXISTING PHOTOS. DIGITAL PHOTOS ARE BITMAP IMAGES.
THERE IS A LARGE RANGE OF PHOTO EDITING SOFTWARE AVAILABLE, EG ADOBE PHOTOSHOP, COREL PAINT SHOP PRO AND
GIMP.
• Crop – cut off sides of an image to make it a • Special effects – the effects vary from one
suitable size or remove unwanted areas. piece of software to another but usually
• Adjust contrast and brightness. include:
• Remove red-eye. • Artistic effects - for example, making

a picture look like an oil painting.
• Layers - you can have several different
elements of the graphic as separate layers. • Geometric effects - for example,
These layers can be made invisible or even making an image appear to be on the
deleted at any time. surface of a ball.
• Clone tool – allows the user to clone one part • Color adjustments - for example,
of the picture to another to remove an turning a photo into greyscale or
unwanted element. brightening certain colors.
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)
CAD PACKAGES ARE MORE SOPHISTICATED DRAWING PACKAGES. THEY ARE
USED BY ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS AND DESIGNERS TO
PRODUCE DETAILED DESIGN PLANS AND TECHNICAL DRAWINGS.
CAD software offers all the features of standard drawing software but in

addition may also offer:
• greater accuracy (it is possible to work to within 1/72 of an inch)
• objects and drawings can be created in 2D, 3D, 2D CAD and 3D CAD
• images can be viewed from any angle
• powerful scaling, rotation and reflection options

• libraries of engineering components which can be imported
• links to packages to calculate costs
COMPARISON WITH IMAGES
VECTOR IMAGE BITMAP IMAGE PHOTO EDITING

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BITMAP(RASTER) AND VECTOR
GRAPHICS
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GRAPHICS DESIGN

• The range of pictures, drawings and images which can be

• A palette from which the user can choose • Bitmap graphics

• Vector graphics Advantages

• Remove red-eye. • Artistic effects - for example, making

CAD software offers all the features of standard drawing software but in

• images can be viewed from any angle

• powerful scaling, rotation and reflection options

VECTOR IMAGE BITMAP IMAGE PHOTO EDITING

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