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    Derivation: (Relation Between Lexemes) Monica P Missherly A

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    Monica
    This document discusses the derivation of words through adding prefixes and suffixes. It outlines four main types of derivation: derivation of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and between adjectives and adverbs. For each type, it provides examples of common suffixes or prefixes added to change the word class or meaning, such as -ness to form nouns from adjectives. The conclusion states that the most productive affixes that commonly derive new words are -ly, un-, -ness, and -ing.

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    Derivation: (Relation Between Lexemes) Monica P Missherly A

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    Monica
    35 views18 pages
    This document discusses the derivation of words through adding prefixes and suffixes. It outlines four main types of derivation: derivation of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and between adjectives and adverbs. For each type, it provides examples of common suffixes or prefixes added to change the word class or meaning, such as -ness to form nouns from adjectives. The conclusion states that the most productive affixes that commonly derive new words are -ly, un-, -ness, and -ing.

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    A word and its relatives: derivation

    Original Title

    -DERIVATION-

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    This document discusses the derivation of words through adding prefixes and suffixes. It outlines four main types of derivation: derivation of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and between adjectives and adverbs. For each type, it provides examples of common suffixes or prefixes added to change the word class or meaning, such as -ness to form nouns from adjectives. The conclusion states that the most productive affixes that commonly derive new words are -ly, un-, -ness, and -ing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    35 views18 pages

    Derivation: (Relation Between Lexemes) Monica P Missherly A

    Uploaded by

    Monica
    This document discusses the derivation of words through adding prefixes and suffixes. It outlines four main types of derivation: derivation of nouns, adjectives, verbs, and between adjectives and adverbs. For each type, it provides examples of common suffixes or prefixes added to change the word class or meaning, such as -ness to form nouns from adjectives. The conclusion states that the most productive affixes that commonly derive new words are -ly, un-, -ness, and -ing.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    DERIVATION

    (Relation Between Lexemes)

    Monica P
    Missherly A
    RELATION BETWEEN LEXEMES
    • Word can have grammatical factors determine
    their forms. (perform: performs – performed)
    INFLECTIONAL
    • Word also can have no grammatical factors :
    as making nouns from verbs (like adding : ance
    – To Perform + ance)
    DERIVATIONAL
    Change the meaning and the word class

    • Compete (V)
    • Compete + ition = competition (N)
    • Compete + itive = competitive (Adj)
    • Compete + itively = competitively (Adv)
    • Compete + ing = competing
    Competing = gerund (D)
    Competing = verb (I)
    4 KINDS OF DERIVATION

    1. Derivation of Noun
    2. Derivation of Adjective
    3. Derivation of Verb
    DERIVATION OF NOUN
    DERIVATION OF NOUN
    Noun – Noun
    • ‘small X’ : -let, -ette, -ie
    e.g droplet, booklet, cigarette, doggie
    • ‘female X’ : -ess, -ine
    e.g waitress, princess, heroine
    • ‘inhabitant of X’ : -er, -(i)an
    e.g Londoner, New Yorker, Texan, Glaswegian
    • ‘state of being an X’ : -ship, -hood
    e.g kingship, ladyship, motherhood, priesthood
    • ‘devotee od or expert on X’ : -ist, -ian
    e.g contortionist, marxist, logician, historian
    DERIVATION OF NOUN
    Adjective – Noun
    • -ity, e.g purity, equality, ferocity, sensitivity
    • -ness, e.g goodness, tallness, fierceness, sensitiveness
    • -ism, e.g radicalism, conservatism
    DERIVATION OF NOUN
    Verb – Noun

    • -ance, -ence , e.g performance, ignorance, reference,


    convergence
    • -ment, e.g anouncement, commitment, development,
    engagement
    • -ing, e.g painting, singing, building, ignoring
    • -(a(t)ion), e.g denuntiation, commision, organisation,
    confusion
    • -al, e.g refusal, arrival, referral, committal
    • -er, e.g painter, singer, organiser, grinder
    DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVE
    DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVE
    Verb - Adjective
    • -able e.g readable, likeable, tolerable
    • -ful e.g useful
    • -ive e.g talkative, passive, active, productive
    DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVES
    Nouns - Adjectives

    • -ful, e.g joyful, hopeful, helpful,meaningful


    • -less, e.g joyless, hopeless, useless, homeless
    • -ic, e.g heroic, poetic, classic, islamic
    • -y, e.g windy, cloudy, rainy
    • -ish e.g childish, british, spanish
    DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVE
    Adjective - Adjective

    Suffix (-ish meaning 'somewhat')


    -ish e.g reddish, greenish, smalish, remotish

    Prefix (un- meaning 'not')


    un- e.g unhappy, unsure, unreliable, undiscovered
    DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVE
    Adverbs & Adjectives
    Some words ending in -ly can be both adjectives and
    adverbs.
    e.g daily, early, monthly, weekly, nightly, yearly
    Adjective: She gets a weekly payment from her parents
    Adverb: I pay my rent weekly
    DERIVATION OF VERB
    DERIVATION OF VERB
    Noun - Verb
    Affixes
    • -en e.g slave>enslave
    • -ize e.g material>materialize
    DERIVATION OF VERB
    Adjective - Verb
    Affixes
    • -en e.g enrich, enclose, enlarge
    • -fy e.g beautify
    • -ate e.g activate, validate
    DERIVATION OF VERB
    Verb - Verb
    Affixes
    • re- e.g repaint, recreate
    • be- e.g become, befall, behave
    • con- e.g conserve, contest
    CONCLUSION
    There are only four of the affixes yield large
    numbers of lexemes that one would not expect
    to find listed in a dictionary, namely
    Adverb-Forming -ly, Negative adjectival un- and
    Nominal -ness and -ing

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