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Lect 6

This document summarizes different types of computer memory and addressing modes. It discusses the key differences between ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM and RAM memory devices. It also outlines the different addressing modes like register addressing, immediate addressing, register indirect addressing, base-plus-index addressing, direct addressing, register relative addressing, and base relative-plus-index addressing. Finally, it provides an example of using an address decoder to allow an EPROM chip to be placed at a specific memory location.

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King Roble
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31 views24 pages

Lect 6

This document summarizes different types of computer memory and addressing modes. It discusses the key differences between ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM and RAM memory devices. It also outlines the different addressing modes like register addressing, immediate addressing, register indirect addressing, base-plus-index addressing, direct addressing, register relative addressing, and base relative-plus-index addressing. Finally, it provides an example of using an address decoder to allow an EPROM chip to be placed at a specific memory location.

Uploaded by

King Roble
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Memory & Address

Memory Interface
Memory Devices (ROM)
• ROM permanently stores programs and data and does
not change when the power supply is disconnected
• Is often called nonvolatile memory and programmed
outside the computer
• Type:
– PROM can only be programmed once
– EPROM is a type of ROM commonly used when software
must be
– changed often. Programmed using an EPROM programmer
and erasable if exposed to high-intensity UV light
– EEPROM or flash memory are electrically erasable in the
system, but require more time to erase than normal RAM
Memory Devices (RAM)
• SRAM DRAM
• Retain data for as •Retain data for only 2 or 4
long as DC power is ms.
applied (static) •Contents of DRAM must be
• Very fast and used completely rewritten
when size of (refreshed)
read/write •Manufacturer has internally
memory is
relatively small constructed DRAM to refresh
• i.e. cache memory, entire contents in a 2 or 4 ms
ASIC interval
Pin Connections
Address connections
are address inputs that select a memory location within the
memory device.
It is Labeled from A0 to An.
i.e. 16k x 1 and 2k x 8
Selection connection
is an input that select or enables the memory device.
Often called chip select, (CS)
and sometimes more than one.
Control connection
is a control input.
Output enable, (OE): allows data to flow out of the output data
pins of the memory device.
Write enable, (WE): must be active to perform write operation.
Address Decoding
Why
• Required to attach memory to the
microprocessor
• Decoding makes the memory function at a
unique partition of the memory map
• Without address decoder, only one memory
device can be connected to a
microprocessor
Example
Example-Cont.
• The 8086 has 20-bit address for a total of 1MB of
memory address space.
• The 2716 EPROM has only 2KB of memory and 11
address pins.
• A decoder can be used to decode the additional 9
address pins and allow the
• EPROM to be placed in any 2KB section of the
1MB address space.
• How to determined the address range for this
EPROM?
Addressing Modes
Data-Addressing Modes
• MOV instruction provides basis for
explanation of addressing modes
Data Addressing Modes-Cont
Data Addressing Modes-Cont
Register Addressing
• For data movement from one μP register to another
Register Addressing (2)
Register addressing
• Most common form of data addressing
• Once register names are learned, it is easy to
apply
• Instructions must use registers with same size
Immediate Addressing
• Immediate data is constant data
Immediate addressing
• The term “immediate” implies that data
immediately follow the opcode
Register indirect addressing
• Allows data to be addressed at any memory
location held in the following registers:
BP, BX, DI and SI
Base-plus-index addressing
• Indirectly addresses memory data using one
base register (BP or BX)and one index register
(SI or DI )
• Base register holds the beginning location of a
memory array and index register holds the
relative position of an element array
Direct addressing
• Transfers data from data segment (memory)
and registers
Register relative addressing
• The data in a segment of memory are
addressed by adding displacement of the
contents of base (BX & BP) or index (DI or SI)
registers
Base relative-plus-index addressing
• Adds displacement, base register and index
register to form the memory address

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