Gender responsive / sensitive

budgeting

FEMINIST ECONOMICS 9 T H WEEK

outline
1- Gender Responsive Budgeting – GRB

2- GRB Analysis

3- GRB and Participatory Budgeting

4- Best Practises - Cases

1- GENDER RESPONSIVE
BUDGETING – GRB
public services and
gender
People may have different needs, priorities and demands
according to their individual characteristics like age, disability etc.
or according to their economic wealth.

By the way, these needs, priorities and demands differ according to

a basic factor : GENDER

All identifications has a gender... Old-young woman and man,

disable woman and man, men-women, girls-boys living in poor
neighbourhood…
So central and local government should consider difference and
give services with a gender sensitive awareness.
what is budget?
Budget is a document which includes all revenues and
expenditures will be done by public institution in a given period of
time, generally one year.
some starting points
of grb …
Why gender sensitive budgeting?

Budgets reflect values, power relations and political priorities

Budgets have differentiated impacts on women and men
Gender blind budgeting reproduces gender inequalities and
unequal distribution of power between the genders

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importance of budgets for
gender equality

Budgets have different impacts on the lives of

women and men.

Public expenditures and revenue can

contribute towards;
... increasing existing gender inequalities
... reducing existing gender inequalities

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different impacts …
I don‘t make a difference,
I treat everybody equally!

© Zita Küng

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what is gender responsive budgeting?

It is not a separate budget for women and men. For example: a special
department / unit for women.

GRB brings gender awareness to all policy making, planning,

programing and budgeting processes.
GRB does not refer to distribution of resources equally to women and men.
%50 - %50!!!
Remember cactus and violet
GRB approach claims to cover all differentiated life cycles and
needs of people.
goals of gender responsive
budgeting
Raise
awareness
about gender
issues in
planning and
budgeting

Change
budgets and
policies to Promote
accountability
promote of governments
gender
equality

Source: Rhonda

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Sharp
comprehensive view on the
economy
The extent to which a country achieves its social and economic
objectives depends
not only on the amount of paid work
but also on the amount of unpaid work its people do
• caring for their family members, neighbours and
• upon the amount of free time people have for civic duties and
leisure.
GRB draws attention to both, paid and unpaid productive
activities.

Diane Elson (2002)

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An equal share of the cake …?
WHY GENDER RESPONSIVE BUDGETING?

Good and
Democratic
Governance

Gender
Equality and
Women's Women's
Rights Empower-
ment

GRB
promotes

Gender
Reducing
Responsive
Poverty
Participation

Accountability
and
Transparency

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2- GRB ANALYSIS
main components of grb work

Systematic
integration of
Changes in
GRB in
GRB analysis policies and
planning and
budgets
budgeting
processes

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grb analysis: key steps
and examples

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CASE STUDY: GERMANY/BERLIN

GRB at provincial and city level

GRB as a future-oriented steering mechanism
GRB as an integrative part of budgetary policy
Start in 2003 (decision by the Berlin government)

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case study berlin:
responsibilities
Who is driving the initiative?
• Responsibility with budget department
• Gender Budgeting steering and working group
Chair: Head of budget department
Members: high level administration officials
Gender Mainstreaming Unit
2 Members of Council
Civil Society

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case study berlin:
responsibilities

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berlin‘s approach

Gender analysis of beneficiaries

• Pilot phase
• Preparatory training
• Collection and compilation of data
• Benefits of public expenditure, beneficiaries?
• Recipients of public funds
Steering by objectives
• Definition of gender-specific objectives
• Meaningful policy analysis
• Strategic conclusions for better government
Publication of Gender Budget Report

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berlin: key strategies

• Inside government initiative involving civil society

(knowledge transfer)
• Cooperation of budget department with gender unit
• GRB as an integrative part of normal budgeting
process
• Simple instrument of gender analysis (incidence
analysis)
• Pilot phase (selected budget items)
• Gradually involve all departments
• Training material and workshops

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berlin: gender analysis -
examples
examples of pilot analyses:
music schools
city library
social services
health services
economis development
(see next slide)

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 Berlin: Examples of initial analysis at district
level in Berlin 2008/09 (Tempelhof-Schöneberg)
Budget items Budget (€) Users
(products)
    Absolute numbers Shares (in %)
    women men women men
Libraries 1.637.410 1.027.725 504.964 67,1% 32,9%
Music School          
Music lessons 3.657.958 58.252 43.410 57,3% 42,7%
Concerts 66.342 318 118 72,9% 2,1%
Continued Education          
Language courses for 921.664 18.858 5.257 78,2% 21,8%
migrants
Courses and other 1.686.404 30.188 9274 76,5% 23,5%
events
Courses to get school 305.392 20.492 16.767 55,0% 45,0%
diplomas

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berlin: gender analysis -
example

Subsidies to craft business

• Reference for analysis: number of jobs

2007 2008 2009

women men women men women men

Absolute 4.686 9.514 4.641 9.009 4.795 8.905

number
Proportion (%) 33% 67% 34% 66% 35% 65%
Ressources (in 18.150 36.850 25.075 49.145 26.425 49.075
1.000 €)

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gender analysis
example (2)
Example of pilot phase
District of Lichtenberg: sports facilities
data: usage of sports facilities (sports clubs members)
Results:
• Marked differences in usage between women and men
• Sports stadiums used by: women: 38% / men: 62%
• Sports fields: Women: 9% / men: 91%

• Soccer receives 20% of the budget (share of women: 0,6%)

Results are basis for reallocations of public expenditure in sports

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berlin: lessons learnt
• clear demands and requests by parliament and government as
drivers

• integration into yearly budgeting process instead of additional

reporting mechanism

• working together, learning together, learning by doing

• be practical, no too much theory

• bring together government officials, parliament, NGOs and other experts

• not yet achieved: persuade more members of parliament of active

collaboration

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example of grb analysis: labor
market policies in Voivodina,
Serbia

• Responsilitiy : Department of Labour (responsible

for gender equality) in the lead

• Pilot analysis of different programmes : Pilot

analysis with the aim of integrating GRB in regular
processes of planning, budgeting and policy
implementation
• Reporting

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EXERCISE : EXAMPLE
OF GRB ANALYSIS
Instructions for the exercise
1- Read the excerpt of the case study
2- Discuss the points given below each table
voivodina – basic
approach
Analysis of programmes and service delivery
Example: employment services
• Different training programs
• Objectives
• How can programme contribute to achieving gender equality?
Representation of women and men
• Target group
• Decision-makers
• Beneficiaries of training services

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 Analysis of useres :
voivodina – training participants
Training type training Partici- Women Share of Men Share
sessions pants women of men

For 48 504 320 63% 184 37%

unemployed:

1. Basic 19 240 198 82% 42 18%

computer skills

2. Specialized 29 264 122 46% 142 54%

computer training

For beginner 11 255 107 42% 148 58%

entrepreneurs

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unit costs of trainings
 Voivodina: analysis of expenditures
(expenditure incidence analysis)
Table 3 : Cost of Training Per Participant
Price per Women Men RSD spent RSD spent
Training type participant on women on men
(in 1,000) (in 1,000)
Basic computer 12,575 198 42 2,490 528
skills

Special computer 19,840 42 48 1,710 1,954

training:
Web design
Special computer 48,060 22 46 1,057 2,210
training: AutoCad

Beginner 21,210 100 140 2,120 2,970

entrepreneurs

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 voivodina – results / outcomes
Basic Basic Special Special
Training type training training training training men
women men women

Total number
participants 198 42 122 142

Training 198 41 120 141

completed

Employment 67 13 67 63
after training 34% 32% 56% 45%

Part-time work 5 0 2 6

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voivodina – beyond numbers:
participatory assessments
Focus group meetings
Method to get qualitative data
Organised groups with people to discuss their experience.
Assessment of programs, needs, problems
• with training participants
• with entrepreneurs
• with unemployed (control group)
• with public officials managing the programs

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voivodina – results of focus
groups (selected examples)
Entrepreneurs
• Unequal initial conditions (capital)
• Lack of support within family and especially lack of
systematic support to women (e.g. unsufficient child
care institutions)
Programme managers
• Lack of comprehensive survey of labour market is an
obstacle for programme planning
• Need for better links between employment and
selfemployment programmes

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3- GRB AND
PARTICIPATORY
BUDGETING
role of different actors
in grb
Many important actors at local level,
including

-Mayor
-Public Administration
-Municipal Council
-Civil Society
-Researchers

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Why a gender sensitive participatory approach?
• Women and men have different roles, different
experiences and different needs.

• The participatory approach itself is not adequate.

• It is not always gender sensitive because women’s
participation in discussions and decision making
is usually limited.
• Involving women in
 identifying problems,
 finding solutions,
 and making decisions
helps them to understand the issues, discover and value
their own knowledge and strengths, and increases their
self confidence.

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Obstacles to women’s participation in
public meetings and decision making
 Distrust from other members of the community.
 Traditional roles and power divisions.
 The monopoly by men over information and resources.
 Meetings are organized in places and at times not suitable for
women.
 Lack of access to or control over financial resources.
 Lack of self-confidence and low self esteem.(due to more
limited access to education and employment opportunities including
higher illiteracy rates among women)
 Lack of awareness of their rights as equal citizens

Source: Leduc, B (2006) Equity-based approach: promoting gender

equality and social inclusion.

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5 Basic Issues for a
Gender Sensitive Participatory Approach

① Being aware of gender roles and power relations

② Provide equal opportunity to participate in the

process

③ Equal Participation of men and women

④ Time and place should be suitable for women

⑤ Integrate gender perspective in participatory tools

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Meaningful participation is possible

…when women have access to information

…when they are expressing their views
…when their views are listened to and discussed
…when they ask questions for clarification
…when they can influence decision making
…when decision making integrates their concerns
…when decisions addressing women’s concerns are
implemented

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4- BEST PRACTISES - CASES
BURSA METROPOLITAN
MUNICIPALITY
CONSTRUCTION MASTER PLAN
Gender Sensitive Regulation in “Construction by-law” :
Social, cultural, green areas and public buildings of Municipality
will consider feeding room, child play room and spatial
planning will be gender sensitive and include women’s physical
and social needs.
ESKIŞEHIR METROPOLITAN
MUNICIPALITY
Gender Analysis of Social Aids
-Who are the beneficiars?
90% men
-What is the incredients of the aid pocket?
Can we make it more gender equal?
GENDER SENSITIVE URBAN PLANNING- VIENNA

Planning by including all different life cycles of the people in the

City. Who are living? How old? Which sex? In which condition?

• Children between 6-12 have free time at afternoon and weekends

and they are spending these free time by walking, biking, scooter and
using mostly parks and gardens
• Age between 13-17 have free time at the late afternoon and
weekends. They are spending their time at Youth Center, Social
Centers, Skate Areas. Young boys are more apparent than girls
because girls feel themselves less secure at this ages.
• Working age women are using public transports more than working
age men.
• Elderly women and men
• Age between 60-65 are mostly active people
• Age of 75 and over have physical and mental difficulties and
need help
• Disable people needs special pedestrians ways and building
entrance

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GENDER SENSITIVE URBAN PLANNING
1. City of short distance: Facilitate the necessity of work and family life.
Banks, supermarkets, parks-green areas, post office …
2. Barrier free city: From a gender mainstreaming perspective, barrier-free
design not only means supporting persons with reduced mobility but also
facilitating the lives of persons with caregiving and family tasks (carrying
shopping bags, pushing prams, accompanying other persons) or with
temporarily impaired mobility (e.g. due to injuries). Barrier-free design
makes everyday trips easier and safer for all. Barrier-free accessibility of
public transport stops as well as barrier-free station and vehicle design
support mobility-impaired persons in moving through Vienna and widen
their activity range.
3. A safe city : The principle of “seeing and being seen” aims at promoting
(desirable) social control, providing effective guidance in the
neighbourhood and ensuring visibility without blind corners and with
efficient illumination of streets and footways.
4. Strengthening a polycentric urban structure : Decentralised distribution
of facilities based both on a hierarchical system of shopping streets and
local centres and on measures that promote the siting of service and

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infrastructure facilities close to high-level public transport stops.
MOBILITY AND GENDER
FAMILY AND LIFE BALANCE

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VISIBILITY AND SECURITY-
BLIND PLACES

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lightening

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GENDER SENSITIVE PEDESTRIAN
WAYS – IDENTIFICATION OF THE
DIFFERENTS NEED OF DIFFERENT
PEOPLE, VIENNA

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PEDESTRIAN WAYS
2MT WIDTH

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PEDESTRIAN WAYS
UNDER 2 MT WIDTH

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VIENNA – GENDER SENSITIVE OPEN
SPACES

Girls age between 10-13 withdrawing from street

• Accessing to parks, multiple entrance
• Diversity of play grounds
• Effective lightening- public WC
• Walking ways in the parks, circular
• Cafes and play grounds in the park will see each other.

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PUBLIC SPACE PLANNING

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URBAN FURNITURE

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Visible, unisex wc

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 VIENNA
GENDER EQUALITY STRATEGY FOR UBAN LIFE

Pilot District: Mariahilf

Aim: Gender Sensitive Pedestrian Life
Outputs:
• wide pedestrian ways
•40 new street crossing
•26 new lightening project
•5 new pedestrian ways for disable people
•9 new sitting place in the city
•A public lift