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Data Communications: School of Computer Science and Engineering Pusan National University Jeong Goo Kim

The document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks, covering topics such as data communication components and protocols, different types of networks including local and wide area networks, the history and development of the Internet, and standards and administration of the Internet. It includes diagrams illustrating network topologies and components of data communication systems. The document serves as an introductory chapter to data communications and computer networks.

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57 views29 pages

Data Communications: School of Computer Science and Engineering Pusan National University Jeong Goo Kim

The document provides an overview of data communications and computer networks, covering topics such as data communication components and protocols, different types of networks including local and wide area networks, the history and development of the Internet, and standards and administration of the Internet. It includes diagrams illustrating network topologies and components of data communication systems. The document serves as an introductory chapter to data communications and computer networks.

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Pusan National University

Data Communications

Chapter 1 Introduction
School of Computer Science and Engineering
Pusan National University

Jeong Goo Kim


PNU Ch. 1: Outline
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1.1 Data Communications

1.2 Networks

1.3 Network Types

1.4 Internet History

1.5 Standards and Administration

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PNU 1.1 DATA COMMUNICATIONS
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1.1 Data Communications


When we communicate, we are sharing information. This
sharing can be local or remote. The term telecommunication,
which includes telephony, telegraph, and television, means
communication at a distance.
Data communications are the exchange of data between two
devices via some form of transmission media.
Effectiveness of data communications system depends on
Delivery
Accuracy
Timeliness (real-time communication)
Jitter

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PNU 1.1 DATA COMMUNICATIONS
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1.1.1 Components
Sender: device that send the message
Receiver: device that receive the message
Transmission medium: physical path for message sending
Message: information to be communicated
Protocol: a set of rules that govern data communications

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PNU 1.1 DATA COMMUNICATIONS
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1.1.2 Data Representation


Text
Unicode, ASCII
Numbers (Appendix B)
Images
JPEG, GIF
Audio
PCM(8bits, 8kHz), CD(16bits, 44.1kHz), SACD(24bits, 2.82MHz)
Video
MPEG, H.264

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PNU 1.1 DATA COMMUNICATIONS
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1.1.2 Data Flow

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PNU 1.2 NETWORKS
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1.2 NETWORKS
A network is the interconnection of a set of devices capable of
communication

1.2.1 Network Criteria


Performance : throughput, delay
Reliability: frequency of failure, recovery time from a failure
Security:
protecting data from unauthorized access
Protecting data from damage and development etc.

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PNU 1.2 NETWORKS
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1.2.2 Physical Structures


Types of connection
Point-to-point
Multi point

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PNU 1.2 NETWORKS
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1.2.2 Physical Structures


Physical topology

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PNU 1.2 NETWORKS
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1.2.2 Physical Structures


Mesh topology
Every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other device
For n-device, n(n-1)/2 duplex links are needed
(n-1) I/O ports
Advantage
• Elimination the traffic problems
due to use of dedicated links
• Robust
• Privacy or security
• Easy fault identification and isolation

Disadvantage
• Amount of cabling and no. of I/O port
• Difficult installation and reconnection(expensive)

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PNU 1.2 NETWORKS
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Star topology
Each devices has a dedicated point-to-point link to Hub
Not allowed direct traffic between devices.
Less expensive than a mash
1 channel per 1device
1 I/O port is required

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PNU 1.2 NETWORKS
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Bus topology
Multipoint topology
All devices are linked to Backbone
By drop lines and taps nodes are connected to the bus.
Advantage
• Easy to installation

Disadvantage
• Difficult reconnection and fault isolation
• Backbone fault is fatal

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PNU 1.2 NETWORKS
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Ring topology
Each device is point-to-point connected to only its neighbors
Each device incorporates a repeater
Advantage
• Easy to installation and reconnection

Disadvantage
• In case of unidirectional, fault of ring can disable the entire network (dual ring)

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PNU 1.3 NETWORKS TYPES
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1.3 NETWORKS TYPES


1.3.1 Local Area Networks
LAN is usually privately owned and connects some hosts in a
single office, building, or campus

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PNU 1.3 NETWORKS TYPES
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1.3.2 Wide Area Networks


WAN has a wider geographical span, spanning a town, a state, a
country, or even the world
Point to point WAN

Switched WAN

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PNU 1.3 NETWORKS TYPES
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Internetwork

A heterogeneous network made of WANs and LANs

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PNU 1.3 NETWORKS TYPES
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1.3.3 Switching
An internet is a switched network in which a switch connects at
least two links together Point to point WAN
Circuit-Switched Network

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PNU 1.3 NETWORKS TYPES
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Packet-Switched Network

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PNU 1.3 NETWORKS TYPES
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1.3.4 The Internet

Peering
point Peering
point

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PNU 1.3 NETWORKS TYPES
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1.3.5 Accessing the Internet


Using Telephone Networks
Dial-up service
DSL service
Using Cable Network
Using Wireless Network
Direct connection to the Internet

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PNU 1.4 INTERNET HISTORY
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1.4 INTERNET HISTORY


1.4.1 Early History
Birth of Packet-Switched Networks
Leonard Kleinrock, MIT, 1961
ARPANET
Advanced Research Projects Agency(ARPA)
ARPANET, 1967
By 1969, four nodes(UCLA, UCSB, SRI, U of Utah) were connected

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PNU 1.4 INTERNET HISTORY
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1.4.2 Birth of the Internet


In 1972, Cerf and Kahn devised the idea of a gateway
TCP/IP
In 1973, Cerf and Kahn proposed TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)
In 1977, TCP split into TCP and IP(Internet Protocol)
MILNET
In 1983, ARPANET split into Military Network and ARPANET
CSNET
Computer Science Network, 1981
Using TCP/IP

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PNU 1.4 INTERNET HISTORY
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NSFNET
In 1990, ARPANET was officially retired and replaced by NSFNET
ANSNET
Advanced Network Services Network
In 1991, IBM, Merit, and Verizon formed ANS to build ANSNET

1.4.3 Internet Today


World Wide Web
1990, Tim Berners-Lee
Multimedia
Voice over IP, Video over IP, You Tube, Television over IP

Peer-to-peer Application

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PNU 1.5 STANDARDS AND ADMINISTRATION
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1.5 STANDARDS AND ADMINISTRATION


1.5.1 Internet Standards
Maturity levels of an RFC(Request for Comment)

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PNU 1.5 STANDARDS AND ADMINISTRATION
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Requirement levels of an RFC


Required
Recommended
Elective
Limited Use
Not Recommended

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PNU 1.5 STANDARDS AND ADMINISTRATION
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1.5.2 Internet Administration


Internet Society (ISOC)
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)
IRTF (Internet Research Task Force)

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PNU Homework
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Homework
Read textbook pp. 31-47

Next Lecture
Chapter 2. Network Models

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PNU HISTORY
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PNU
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