CSC339 –Computer

Communication and Networks

by: Dr. Abdul Wahid

My Office: Room 237, Academic block–II
2nd Floor CS Department
Course Objectives
 Explain the fundamental concepts of computer networking

 Enable students to create, configure, administer, maintain and

troubleshoot a computer network.

 Enable to use computer network applications utilities, traffic

analyzers and network simulators

 Identify security and privacy issues that relate to computer

networks.

 Enable to perform continuous self-learning to obtain knowledge and

skills.

Introduction 1-2
Administrivia

Marks Breakdown

 Midterms 25%
 Assignments 10%
 Quiz 15%
 Final Exam 50%

Introduction 1-3
Computer Networks
 Top Down or Bottom Up approach?

Introduction 1-4
Chapter 1
Introduction

Computer Networking:
A Top Down Approach ,
6th edition.
James F. Kurose, Keith
W. Ross

Introduction 1-5
Chapter 1: Introduction
Overview:
 what’s the Internet?
 what’s a protocol?
 network edge: hosts, access net, physical media
 network core: packet/circuit switching, Internet
structure
 performance: loss, delay, throughput
 security
 protocol layers, service models

Introduction 1-6
Chapter 1: roadmap
1.1 What is the Internet?
1.2 Network edge
 end systems, access networks, links
1.3 Network core
 circuit switching, packet switching, network structure
1.4 Delay, loss and throughput in packet-switched
networks
1.5 Protocol layers, service models

Introduction 1-7
What’s the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view
PC  millions of connected Mobile network
server computing devices: Global ISP
wireless hosts = end systems
laptop
 running network
cellular
handheld apps Home network
Regional ISP
 communication links
access  fiber, copper,
points
wired
radio, satellite Institutional network
links  transmission
rate = bandwidth
 routers: forward
router
packets (chunks of
data)
Introduction 1-8
What’s the Internet: “nuts and bolts” view
Mobile network
 protocols control sending,
receiving of msgs Global ISP
 e.g., TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype,
Ethernet
 Internet: “network of Home network

networks” Regional ISP

 loosely hierarchical
 public Internet versus Institutional network
private intranet
 Internet standards
 RFC: Request for comments
 IETF: Internet Engineering
Task Force

Introduction 1-9
What’s the Internet: a service view
 communication
infrastructure enables
distributed applications:
 Web, VoIP, email, games,
e-commerce, file sharing
 communication services
provided to apps:
 reliable data delivery
from source to
destination
 “best effort” (unreliable)
data delivery

Introduction 1-10
A service view:
 How does an application piece running on
one end system instruct internet to deliver
data to another software piece running on
another end system?
 Through Application Programming
Interface(API)s
 Similar to the postal service concept

Introduction 1-11
What’s a protocol?
human protocols: network protocols:
 “what’s the time?”  machines rather than
 “I have a question” humans
 introductions  all communication
activity in Internet
governed by protocols
… specific msgs sent
… specific actions protocols define format,
taken when msgs order of msgs sent and
received, or other received among network
events entities, and actions
taken on msg
transmission, receipt
Introduction 1-12
What’s a protocol?
a human protocol and a computer network protocol:

Hi
TCP connection
request
Hi
TCP connection
Got the response
time? Get http://www.awl.com/kurose-ross
2:00
<file>
time

Introduction 1-13
Client Server Programs
 Client Program runs on one end system and
requires services from the server program
running on another end system e.g.
 Web
 Email
 File transfer
 Remote login
 Newsgroups

Introduction 1-14
Peer to Peer Applications
 Same Application becomes a client at one
instant and a server at another instant
 BitTorrent
 Skype

Introduction 1-15
A closer look at network structure:
 network edge:
applications and
hosts
 access networks,
physical media:
wired, wireless
communication links
 network core:
 interconnected
routers
 network of
networks Introduction 1-16
Access networks and physical media
Q: How to connect end
systems to edge router?
 residential access nets
 institutional access
networks (school,
company)
 mobile access networks

Keep in mind:
 bandwidth (bits per
second) of access
network?
 shared or dedicated?
Introduction 1-17
Residential access:

 Dial Up  DSL uses FDM

 Speed Limitation  DSL divides the link
 Phone line get busy into 3 non
overlapping
 DSL
communication
 Higher Data Rates channels
 Phone line is free • Downstream channel
 Data Tx is in 50KHz to 1 MHz
Asymmetric • Upstream Channel in
4KHz to 50 kHz
• Two way telephone
channel in 0 to 4KHz

Introduction 1-18
DSL

 Hundreds or thousands of Households

connect to the DSLAM
Introduction 1-19
DSL
 DSL Tx rate: distance between user and
ISP
 DSL works on short distances
 That is why it supports high data rate

Introduction 1-20
Cable Modems
 DSL and Dial up are based on ordinary
phone lines uses telco network
 Hybrid Fibre Coaxial(HFC) network
extends the cable network used for cable
TV: uses cable TV network
 HFC requires Cable modems
 HFC is a shared broadcast medium as
compared to DSL and Dial up
 Internet speed depends on the no. of users at
any given time
Introduction 1-21
Cable Internet

Introduction 1-22
Company access: local area networks
 company/univ local area
network (LAN) connects
end system to edge router
 Ethernet:
 10 Mbs, 100Mbps,
1Gbps, 10Gbps Ethernet
 modern configuration:
end systems connect
into Ethernet switch

Introduction 1-23
Wireless access networks
 shared wireless access network
connects end system to router
 via base station aka “access point”
router
 wireless LANs:
 802.11g/n (WiFi): 54/600Mbps
base
 wider-area wireless access station
 provided by telco operator
 10Mbps over cellular system
Evolution Data Optimized(EVDO)
 And High Speed Downlink Packet
Access HSDPA mobile
 WiMAX (40 Mbps) over wide area
hosts

Introduction 1-24
Physical Media
Twisted Pair (TP)
 Bit: propagates between  two insulated copper
transmitter/rcvr pairs wires
 physical link: what lies  Category 3: traditional
between transmitter & phone wires, 10 Mbps
receiver Ethernet
 guided media:
 Category 5:
100Mbps Ethernet
 signals propagate in solid
media: copper, fiber, coax
 unguided media:
 signals propagate freely,
e.g., radio

Introduction 1-25
Physical Media: coax, fiber
Coaxial cable: Fiber optic cable:
 two concentric copper  glass fiber carrying light
conductors pulses, each pulse a bit
 baseband:  high-speed operation:
 single channel on cable  high-speed point-to-point
 legacy Ethernet transmission (e.g., 10’s-
 broadband: 100’s Gps)
 multiple channels on  low error rate: repeaters
cable spaced far apart ; immune
to electromagnetic noise
 Low error rate
 Hard to tap

Introduction 1-26
Physical media: radio
 signal carried in Radio link types:
electromagnetic  terrestrial microwave
spectrum  e.g. up to 45 Mbps channels

 no physical “wire”  LAN (e.g., Wifi)

 propagation  54/ 600Mbps

environment effects:  wide-area (e.g., cellular)

 reflection  3G cellular: ~ 9.3 Mbps
 obstruction by objects  satellite
 interference  Upto 45Mbps channel (or
multiple smaller channels)
 280 msec end-end delay
 geosynchronous versus low
altitude(Low Earth Orbit)
Introduction 1-27