Lesson 2.4 Principles of Counseling: By: Jansen Dela Peña

Lesson 2.
4 Principles of
Counseling
By: Jansen Dela Peña
Principles of Counseling
• Can be found in the basic process of
counseling since they govern each and every
step:
– Developing trust
– Exploring problem areas
– Helping to set goals
– Empowering into action
– helping to maintain change
– Agreeing when to end
Principles of Counseling
• Advice • Listening Skills
• Reassurance • Respect
• Release of Emotional • Empathy and Positive
Tension Regard
• Clarified Thinking • Clarification,
• Reorientation Confrontation, and
Interpretation
• Transference and
Countertransference
Advice
• When this is done, the requirement is that a
counselor makes judgments about a
counselee’s problems and lays out options for
a course of a action.
• Advice-giving has to avoid breeding a
relationship in which the counselee feels
inferior and emotionally dependent on the
counselor.
Reassurance
• Counseling involves providing clients with reassurance,
which is a way of giving them courage to face a
problem or confidence that they are pursuing a
suitable course of action.
• Is a valuable principle because it can bring about a
sense of relief that may empower a client to function
normally again.
Release of Emotional Tension
• Counseling provides clients the opportunity to

get emotional release from their pent-up
frustrations and other personal issues.
• Helps remove mental blocks by providing a
solution to the problem.
Clarified Thinking
• Tends to take place while the counselor and

counselee are talking and therefore becomes a
logical emotional release.
• Encourages a client to accept responsibility for
problems and to be more realistic in solving
them.
Reorientation
• Involves a change in the client’s emotional self

through a change in basic goals and
aspirations.
• It enables clients to recognize and accept their
own limitations.
Listening Skills
• Listening attentively to clients is the

counselor’s attempt to understand both the
content of the client’s problem as they see it,
and the emotions they are experiencing
related to the problem.
Respect
• In all circumstances, clients must be treated

with respect, no matter how peculiar, strange,
disturbed, weird, or utterly different from the
counselor.
• Without this basic element, successful
counseling is impossible.
Empathy and Positive Regard
• Carl Rogers combined empathy and positive

regard as two principles that should go along
with respect and effective listening skills.
• For Rogers, clients have to be given both
“unconditional positive regard” and be treated
with respect.
Clarification, Confrontation, and
Interpretation
• Clarification is an attempt by the counselor to
restate what the client is either saying or
feeling.
• Confrontation and Interpretation are other
more advanced principles used by their
interventions.
Transference and Countertransference
• When clients are helped to understand

transference reactions, they are empowered
to gain understanding of important aspects of
their emotional life.
• Countertransference helps both clients and
counselors to understand the emotional and
perceptional reactions and how to effectively
manage them.
Lesson 2.5 Core Values of
Counseling
Core Values of Counseling
• Respect for human dignity
• Partnership
• Autonomy
• Responsible caring
• Personal Integrity
• Social justice
Respect for human dignity
• This means that the counselor must provide a

client unconditional positive regard,
compassion, non-judgmental attitude,
empathy, and trust.
Partnership
• A counselor has to foster partnerships with

the various disciplines that come together to
support an integrated healing that
encompasses various aspects such as the
physical, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual.
Autonomy
• This entails respect for confidentiality and

trust in a relationship of counseling and
ensuring a safe environment that isneeded for
healing.
Responsible caring
• This primarily means respecting the potential

of every human being to change and to
continue learning throughout his/her life, and
especially in the environment of counseling.
Personal Integrity
• Counselors must reflect personal integrity,

honesty, and truthfulness with clients.
Social Justice
• This means accepting and respecting the

diversity of the clients, the diversity of
individuals, their cultures, languages ,
lifestyles, identities, ideologies, intellectual
capacities, personalities, and capabilities
regardless of the presented issues.
Counselors shall:
1. Act with care and respect for individual and
cultural differences and the diversity of
human experience.
2. Avoid doing harm in all their professional
work. Actively support the principles
embodied in the Treaty of Waitangi.
3. Respect the confidences with which they are
entrusted.
4. Promote the safety and well-being of
individuals, families, and communities.
5. Seek to increase the range of choices and
opportunities for clients.
6. Be honest and trustworthy in all their
professional relationships.
7. Practice within the scope of their
competence.
8. Treat colleagues and other professionals with
respect.
THANK YOU! 

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Lesson 2.

• Counseling provides clients the opportunity to

• Tends to take place while the counselor and

• Involves a change in the client’s emotional self

• Listening attentively to clients is the

• In all circumstances, clients must be treated

• Carl Rogers combined empathy and positive

• When clients are helped to understand

• This means that the counselor must provide a

• A counselor has to foster partnerships with

• This entails respect for confidentiality and

• This primarily means respecting the potential

• Counselors must reflect personal integrity,

• This means accepting and respecting the

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