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Introduction To Proximity Switches

This document provides a general introduction to proximity switches, including: 1) It describes the basic components and functions of a control circuit that uses proximity sensors to measure process values and provide feedback to actuators. 2) It lists some key advantages of proximity sensors such as contactless operation, long life, protection in harsh environments, and high precision. 3) It outlines the main physical principles (inductive, capacitive, magnetic, photoelectric, ultrasonic, microwave) and characteristics of different types of proximity sensors.

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Krishna Chaitanya T
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84 views10 pages

Introduction To Proximity Switches

This document provides a general introduction to proximity switches, including: 1) It describes the basic components and functions of a control circuit that uses proximity sensors to measure process values and provide feedback to actuators. 2) It lists some key advantages of proximity sensors such as contactless operation, long life, protection in harsh environments, and high precision. 3) It outlines the main physical principles (inductive, capacitive, magnetic, photoelectric, ultrasonic, microwave) and characteristics of different types of proximity sensors.

Uploaded by

Krishna Chaitanya T
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Introduction to

Proximity Switches
Block diagram of control circuit
Error
Input
Frequently measured data
values are: Ouput
Process
data
• Temperature
• Pressure/Force
• Flow
Actuator Sensor
• Humidity
• ph-value
• Revolutions per Actual value
minute (speed)
• Position Process
computer Control
input
Display

Hydraulics 2
Advantages of Sensors
• No physical contact and therefore no stress

• No wear and tear, hence long life

• Contact less and therefore maintenance free

• Electronic high precision

• Protected and safe switching in harsh environments

• High switching rate

• bounce-free contact, thus not prone to false pulses

Hydraulics 3
Physical Principles

Inductive Capacitive Magnetic

I C B

Photoelectric Ultrasonic Microwave

? U

Hydraulics 4
Characteristics of Inductive Proximity
Switches
• detects only conductive materials

• operation distance up to 50 mm

• switching frequency up to 5 kHz

• max. ambient temperature 200 °C

• max. protection class IP 68

• high noise immunity

• in acc. to EN 50227 (NAMUR) possible

Hydraulics 5
Characteristics of Capacitive
Proximity Switches
• detects every type of material (conductive, non conductive, solids, fluids, ...)

• operation distance up to 50 mm

• switching frequency max. 100 Hz

• max. ambient temperature 70 °C

• max. protection class IP 67

• in acc. to EN 50227 (NAMUR) possible

Hydraulics 6
Characteristics of Magnetic Proximity
Switches
• detects only magnetic objects

• operation distance up to 60 mm

• switching frequency up to 1 kHz

• max. ambient temperature 70 °C

• max. protection class IP 67

• high noise immunity

• in acc. to EN 50227 (NAMUR) possible

Hydraulics 7
Characteristics of Photoelectric
Proximity Switches
• three different operation principles
• thru beam (receiver and transmitter in two housings)
• reflective (receiver/transmitter in one housing, retro reflector is necessary)
• diffuse reflective
• detects, depending on the operation principle, light reflecting or non
transparent materials
• possibility to connect fiber optic
• operation distance up to 100 m
• switching frequency up to 1.5 kHz
• max. ambient temperature 300 °C (with fiber optic only)
• max. protection class IP 67
• detects smallest objects (depending on the diameter of the fiber optic)
• in acc. to EN 50227 (NAMUR) possible

Hydraulics 8
Characteristics of Ultrasonic
Proximity Switches
• detects objects which reflect or absorb sound

• operation distance up to 12 m

• reaction time > 50 ms

• max ambient temperature 70 °C

• max. protection class IP 67

• lower noise immunity

• not sensitve to dirt

Hydraulics 9
Characteristics of Microwave
Proximity Switches

• detects conductive and not conductive materials

• operation distance up to 30 m

• very expensive

Hydraulics 10

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