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    Elementary Knowledge On Symmetry Elements of Crystallographic Systems - Physical Properties of Minerals

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    Francis John Payno Nueca
    This document discusses the symmetry elements and physical properties of minerals. It describes three main symmetry elements - the center of symmetry, axis of symmetry, and plane of symmetry. It also lists the 7 main crystal systems and provides details on various physical properties of minerals such as color, streak, cleavage, hardness, luster, crystal habit, transparency, tenacity, specific gravity, and other properties.

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    Elementary Knowledge On Symmetry Elements of Crystallographic Systems - Physical Properties of Minerals

    Uploaded by

    Francis John Payno Nueca
    425 views36 pages
    This document discusses the symmetry elements and physical properties of minerals. It describes three main symmetry elements - the center of symmetry, axis of symmetry, and plane of symmetry. It also lists the 7 main crystal systems and provides details on various physical properties of minerals such as color, streak, cleavage, hardness, luster, crystal habit, transparency, tenacity, specific gravity, and other properties.

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    This document discusses the symmetry elements and physical properties of minerals. It describes three main symmetry elements - the center of symmetry, axis of symmetry, and plane of symmetry. It also lists the 7 main crystal systems and provides details on various physical properties of minerals such as color, streak, cleavage, hardness, luster, crystal habit, transparency, tenacity, specific gravity, and other properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    425 views36 pages

    Elementary Knowledge On Symmetry Elements of Crystallographic Systems - Physical Properties of Minerals

    Uploaded by

    Francis John Payno Nueca
    This document discusses the symmetry elements and physical properties of minerals. It describes three main symmetry elements - the center of symmetry, axis of symmetry, and plane of symmetry. It also lists the 7 main crystal systems and provides details on various physical properties of minerals such as color, streak, cleavage, hardness, luster, crystal habit, transparency, tenacity, specific gravity, and other properties.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 36

    Elementary Knowledge on

    Symmetry Elements
    of Crystallographic
    Systems - Physical Properties of
    Minerals

    MASLANG | NUECA
    BSCE 2C
    A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic
    substance which has a definite chemical
    composition, normally uniform throughout its
    volume.
    The study of this regularity of form, and of
    the internal structure of the mineral to which
    it is related, is called crystallography.
    Elements of Symmetry

    (a)a center of symmetry

    (b) an axis of symmetry

    (c) a plane of symmetry


    center of symmetry
    axis of symmetry
    plane of symmetry
    The 7 Crystal System

    Cubic
    Tetragonal
    Orthorhombic
    Monoclinic
    Rhombohedral
    Triclinic
    Hexagonal
    Physical Properties of Minerals
    COLOR AND STREAK
    The color of a mineral is that seen on its surface by
    the naked eye. It may depend on the impurities
    present in light-colored minerals, and one mineral
    specimen may even show gradation of color or
    different colors.

    The streak is the color of the powdered mineral.


    This is most readily seen by scraping the mineral
    across a plate of unglazed hard porcelain and
    observing the color of any mark left.
    CLEAVAGE
    Cleavage is the tendency of crystalline materials to
    split along definite crystallographic structural
    planes.

    These planes of relative weakness are a result of


    the regular locations of atoms and ions in the
    crystal, which create smooth repeating surfaces
    that are visible both in the microscope and to the
    naked eye.
    HARDNESS
    The relative hardness (H) of two minerals is defined
    by scratching each with the other and seeing which
    one is gouged. It is defined by an arbitrary scale of
    ten standard minerals, arranged in Mohs’ scale of
    hardness, and numbered in degrees of increasing
    hardness from 1 to 10.
    LUSTRE
    Light is reflected from the surface of a mineral, the
    amount of light depending on physical qualities of
    the surface (such as its smoothness and
    transparency).

    This property is called the lustre of the mineral, and


    is described according to the degree of brightness
    from ‘splendent’ to ‘dull’
    CRYSTAL HABIT
    Since the mode of formation of a mineral is
    sometimes a clue to what it is, this shape or crystal
    habit is of use in the identification of some minerals.
    TRANSPARENCY
    Transparency is a measure of how clearly an
    object can be seen through a crystal.

    Opaque - no light can pass through the mineral;


    Translucent - light can pass through the mineral but is
    diffused so that images cannot be seen clearly;
    Transparent - light can pass through the mineral and images
    can be seen clearly.
    TENACITY
    Tenacity is a measure of how the mineral deforms
    when it is crushed or bent.
    SPECIFIC GRAVITY
    It is important to know which minerals have comparable
    specific gravities:

    (a) low specific gravity minerals include silicates,


    carbonates, sulphates and halides, with specific
    gravities ranging between 2.2 and 4.0;
    (b) medium specific gravity minerals include
    metallic ores such as sulfides and oxides, with
    specific gravities between 4.5 and 7.5;
    (c) high specific gravity minerals include native
    metallic elements such as pure copper, gold and
    silver; but these are rare minerals and are very
    unlikely to be encountered.
    OTHER PROPERTIES
    Taste and magnetic properties are diagnostic of a
    few minerals.

    Mineral associations are also of use. Some


    minerals often occur together whereas others are
    never found together because they are unstable as
    a chemical mixture and would react to produce
    another mineral.

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