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Traction Vector: TN TNTNTN

The document discusses traction vectors and stress tensors. It defines traction as the force per unit area exerted on a plane, represented by a vector. A stress tensor is used to fully describe internal forces, where the traction across any plane is obtained by multiplying the stress tensor by a unit vector normal to the plane. There are principal axes of stress where no shear stresses exist across the plane, and the traction is equal to the normal stress which are the eigenvalues of the stress tensor.

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navneet verma
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125 views9 pages

Traction Vector: TN TNTNTN

The document discusses traction vectors and stress tensors. It defines traction as the force per unit area exerted on a plane, represented by a vector. A stress tensor is used to fully describe internal forces, where the traction across any plane is obtained by multiplying the stress tensor by a unit vector normal to the plane. There are principal axes of stress where no shear stresses exist across the plane, and the traction is equal to the normal stress which are the eigenvalues of the stress tensor.

Uploaded by

navneet verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Traction vector

.
The force per unit area exerted by the side in the
direction of nˆ across the plane is termed the traction
and is represented by the vector.

t ( nˆ )  ( t x ( nˆ ), t y ( nˆ ), t z ( nˆ ))
nˆ

To fully describe the internal forces in the medium,


we need a general method for determining t as a
function of n̂ . This is accomplished with the stress
tensor.
tx (xˆ) tx (yˆ) tx (zˆ) xx xy xz 
   
  ty (xˆ) ty (yˆ) ty (zˆ)   yx  yy yz 
tz (xˆ) tz (yˆ) tz (zˆ) zx zy zz 
The traction across any arbitrary plane of orientation
defined by t(n̂ ) obtained by multiplying the stress
tensor by n̂ .

t x (nˆ )   xx  xy  xz   nˆ x 
    
t (nˆ )   nˆ  t y (nˆ )    xy  yy  yz   nˆ y 
t (nˆ )   xz  yz  zz   nˆ 
z    z
Principal axes of stress

• For any stress tensor, it is always possible to find a


direction n̂ such that there are no shear stresses
across the plane normal to n̂ . In this case t (nˆ ) is

t (nˆ )   (nˆ )   (nˆ )


 (nˆ )   (nˆ )
(   I )n  0;0  n  
ˆ ˆ n

det[   I ]  0
Let  1 ,  2 a n d  3 be the eigenvalues and corresponding
to eigenvalues the eigenvectors are nˆ(1) , nˆ(2) , nˆ(3) .
The eigenvectors are nothing but the principle axes of
stress.

nx(1) nx(2) nx(3) 


 (1) (2) (3) 
N  ny ny ny 
nz(1) nz(2) nz(3) 
 
• The stain tensor
(a). computing strain for a seismic wave
(b). linear stress and strain relationship
Reference
Peter M. Shearer. Introduction to Seismology.
New York: Cambridge University Press,2009.
Thank you…

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