Scribd
Upload
229 views11 pages

02-Organizing, Presenting, and Describing Data

The document discusses principles and methods of data presentation, including organizing data in a clear and concise manner, using classification and graphic presentation. It describes types of classification like simple/one-way and two-way, and graphs like bar charts, pie charts, histograms, and frequency polygons. Frequency distribution and calculating range, number of classes, class interval, and lower/upper class limits for grouped data are also covered.

Uploaded by

Ghulam Murtaza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
229 views11 pages

02-Organizing, Presenting, and Describing Data

The document discusses principles and methods of data presentation, including organizing data in a clear and concise manner, using classification and graphic presentation. It describes types of classification like simple/one-way and two-way, and graphs like bar charts, pie charts, histograms, and frequency polygons. Frequency distribution and calculating range, number of classes, class interval, and lower/upper class limits for grouped data are also covered.

Uploaded by

Ghulam Murtaza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

Organizing,

Presenting, and
Describing
Data
Data Presentation
Principals of data presentation

(a)To arrange the data in such a way that it should create interest in the
reader’s mind at the first sight.
(b)To present the information in a compact and concise form without
losing important details.
(c)To present the data in a simple form so as to draw the conclusion
directly by viewing at the data.
(d)To present it in such away that it can help in further statistical analysis.

Presentation of data includes


(a)Classification
(b)Graphic Presentation
Classification/Tabulation
• The process of grouping a large number of individual facts or observation on
the basis of similarity among the items is called
Classification.
• The process of arranging data in groups or classes according to similarity is
called Classification.

Types of Classification
• Simple or one way Classification
• Two way Classification
Simple or one way Classification
When the data are sorted according to one criterion only, it is
called a simple or one way classification.
Two way Classification
When the data are sorted according to two criteria, it is called
two way classification
Graphic Presentation
Charts and diagrams are useful methods of presenting simple data.
•Diagrams are better retained in memory than statistical table.
•However graphs cannot be substituted for statistical table, because the
graphs cannot have mathematical treatment where as tables can be treated
mathematically.
•Whenever graphs are compared , the difference in the scale
should be noted.
• Bar chart
• Pie chart

• Histogram
• Frequency polygon
• Frequency curve
Frequency Distribution
A frequency distribution is a table showing the number of items in each
class.
Discrete Distribution
A distribution form by a set of values which are discrete nature is called a
Discrete Distribution.
Example
The numbers of the family members in 20 families.
2, 1, 3, 2, 4, 2, 4, 5,4, 5, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5
Continuous Distribution
A distribution form by a set of values which are continuous nature is
called a continuous Distribution.
Example:- You are asked to present the performance of your section in
the Statistics test. The following are the test scores of your class:
34 42 20 50 17 9 34 43
50 18 35 43 50 23 23 35
37 38 38 39 39 38 38 39
24 29 25 26 28 27 44 44
49 48 46 45 45 46 45 46
• Range = Max – Min
= 50 – 9 = 41
• No of classes (C) = 1 + 3.3 log (n)
= 1 +3.3log(40) = 6.28 ≈ 6
• Class interval = R/C
= 41/6 = 6.83 ≈ 7
• Data can be classified as grouped or
ungrouped.

Ungrouped data are data that are not


organized, or if arranged, could only be from
highest to lowest or lowest to highest.
Grouped data are data that are organized
and arranged into different classes or
categories.
Lower Class Limits
are the smallest numbers that can actually belong to different classes.

Upper Class Limits


are the largest numbers that can actually belong to different classes.
Class Midpoints
The Class Mark or Class Midpoint is the respective average of each class
limits.

Class Width
is the difference between two consecutive lower class limits or two
consecutive class boundaries

You might also like