Hypertension: Fadillah Maricar
Hypertension: Fadillah Maricar
Hypertension: Fadillah Maricar
Fadillah Maricar
CLOSED
CIRCUIT
Hypertension ( HTN) is rise pressure intravascular or
intracavitary
Hypertonia : rise in
muscular tonus
Arterial Hypertension
Pulmonary Hypertension
ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
identified cause
• Gender
• Obesity
• Family history
• Stress
ETIOLOGY
( for Secondary HTN )
• Renal disease
• Sleep apnea
• Cirrhosis of liver
PATOPHYSIOLOGY
Symphatet Activities
ic Nervous of
System Endocrine
Activity System
BP
Activities
Activities
of Vascular
of Renal
Endotheliu
System
m
Symphatet ↑ HR and Cardiac Contraction Vasoconstriction in Peripheral
ic Nervous Arterioles Promotes release Renin from kidney
System ↑ Cardiac Output and Systemic Vascular Resistence
Activity
BP = CO x SVR
Activities Vascular endothelium is a single cell layer that lines the blood
of Vascular vessel
Endotheliu
m
It produces vasoactive substance and growth factors (nitric acid,
endothelin) which were potent vasoconstrictor to increase BP
level
Activities of Renal System
Activities of Endocrine
System
When Angiotensin II is
stimulated in adrenal
cortex, it will secrete
aldosterone stimulate
kidney to retain sodium
and water
PATHOLOGY
CLINICAL FEATURES
EVALUA
ECG
TION
> 140/90 for Clinic BP; > 130/80 for Ambulatory BP
MANAGEMENT
Life style
1. Weight Reduction modification
2. DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension)
3. Dietary Sodium reduction
4. Reduce alcohol
5. Exercise
6. Stress management
Pharmacological
Therapy
……… PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
……… PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
= Sudden increase of BP (systolic > 180 mmHg; diastolic > 120 mmHg)
“ Therefore in medicine
we ought to know
the causes of sickness
and health “