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Sources of Energy: Abhay Class 10

The document discusses various sources of energy, including their characteristics, conventional/non-renewable sources like fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas), and renewable/alternative sources like hydroelectricity, biogas, wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, and nuclear energy. It provides details on how each type of energy is produced and advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion discusses increasing energy demands, environmental consequences of overusing fossil fuels, and sustainability of different energy sources.

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Abhay G K
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1K views33 pages

Sources of Energy: Abhay Class 10

The document discusses various sources of energy, including their characteristics, conventional/non-renewable sources like fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas), and renewable/alternative sources like hydroelectricity, biogas, wind energy, solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, and nuclear energy. It provides details on how each type of energy is produced and advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion discusses increasing energy demands, environmental consequences of overusing fossil fuels, and sustainability of different energy sources.

Uploaded by

Abhay G K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOU R CE S

F E NE RG Y
O
ABHAY
CL AS S 10
GOOD SOURCE OF ENERGY
Characteristics of a good source of energy:
A. Supply enough amount of useful energy
B. Be easily stored
C. Be easily transported
D. Compact storage
E. Should be easily accessible and available
F. Economically feasible
G. Cause minimum environmental pollution
CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY

• The sources of energy which are exhaustible


and have been in nature long ago are known
as conventional sources of energy.
• Also called as non – renewable energy.
FOSSIL FUELS
• The combustible substances formed from the
dead remains of the animals and plants which
are buried deep under the surface of the earth
over millions of years are called fossil fuels
• Examples: coal, petroleum, natural gas
FOSSIL FUELS

Black material
●

Mixture of carbon and


●

coal compounds of carbon


containing oxygen,
nitrogen and sulphur

Mixture of natural

Fossil
●

hydrocarbons.
petrol
Liquid form of
●

eum hydrocarbon is called


petroleum

fuels
FOSSIL FUELS

NATURAL GAS

composition: 97% methane , small traces of ethane and propane

Used to produce electricity


Used as fuel for scooters, Used for manufacturing
, used for cooking and
cars ,buses fertilisers.
heating
DISADVANTAGES OF FOSSIL FUELS
• Causes air pollution.
• Produces harmful gases i.e sulphur
dioxide,CO2,NO2.
• Causes acid rain.Eg: CO2+H2O-->Carbonic acid
• Causes global warming.
PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY BY FOSSIL
FUELS.
• THERMAL POWER PLANT.
1. Coal or oil is burnt in a furnace to produce heat energy
2. The heat is used to boil water in a reservoir.
3. The steam produced is released to the turbine at high
pressure which results in rotation of turbine.
4. The generator connected to the turbine produces electricity.
DISADVANTAGE: it causes global warming and
environment pollution
RENEWABLE ENERGY
• Sources of energy which are inexhaustible
being continuously supplied by nature is called
as renewable energy.
• Also known as non-conventional energy.
ALTERNATE SOURCE OF ENERGY
• Hydro-electricity
• Biogas
• Hydrogen fuel
• Wind energy
• Solar energy
• Geo-thermal energy
• Tidal energy
• Nuclear energy
HYDRO-ELECTRICITY
• The energy produced by the flowing water is
called hydro-electricity.
• WORKING OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC PLANT:
• The water stored in dam is made to fall on the turbine .
• Potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy
• The rotating turbine is connected to shaft of a generator,
which produces electricity.
HYDRO-POWER PLANT
• ADVANTAGES :
• Pollution free.
• Dependable source of energy.
• Hydro-electric power is produced free of cost due to flow of
water.
• DISADVANTAGES:
• Construction cost is high.
• wildlife and forests are submerged
• A large number of people residing near the site of dam are
displaced.
• A large area of fertile land is submerged under the dam.
HYDRO-POWER PLANTS
• HYDRO-PLANTS IN INDIA:
• Bhakra-Nangal project
• Chamera hydro project
• Hirakud project
• Koal kara project
• Nathpa jhakri project
• Ranjit sagar dam
BIOGAS
• A mixture of gases formed when the agri-
wastes mixed with water are allowed to
ferment in absence of air is called biogas.
• ADVANTAGES:
• Doesnt produce smoke during burning.
• Cheaper source of energy.
BIOGAS PLANTS
• WORKING :
• Bio-wastes is mixed with water to make slurry in the mixing
tank .
• The slurry enters the digester through the inlet chamber .
• Some space is left for the gas to accumulate over the slurry .
• It is left for about 2 months for fermentation.
• Bio gas is collected in the dome and is taken out through pipe
BIOGAS

Human
Animal excreta
wastes

Domestic
wastes

BIOGAS
WIND ENERGY
• The kinetic energy of the wind is known as wind energy.
• ADVANTAGES:
• Doesn't cause pollution.
• Devices operated by wind are economical.
• LIMITATIONS:
• Minimum speed of wind should be 15 km/h to produce
electricity.
• Wind energy is not sufficient for heavy machines to
operate.
• Lot of money is spent on maintenance of wind farms.
WIND MILLS
• A device used to convert wind energy to
mechanical energy is called wind mill.
• WORKING:
• The wind turbine is connected to a shaft of a
generator.
• The shaft rotates when there is wind.
• Electricity is produced due to rotation of shaft.
SOLAR ENERGY
• The energy emitted by sun in form of heat and
light is called solar energy.
• Solar energy devices:
1. Solar cooker
2. Solar furnaces
3. Solar water furnaces
4. Solar power plants
5. Solar cells
SOLAR ENERGY
• Methods of collecting solar energy :
A. Sun rays are reflected by plane mirrors on the
black containers
B. The sun rays are focussed at a point using
concave reflectors.
• Solar furnaces are based on this principle .
• This method is used where high temperature
is required.
SOLAR CELLS
• A Device which converts sunlight into electricity is
called solar cell.
• ADVANTAGES :
• Have no moving parts .
• Require less maintenance.
• Works quite satisfactorily.
• Can be set up in remote areas .
• DISADVANTAGES:
• Process of manufacture is expensive.
ENERGY FROM SEA
A. TIDAL ENERGY :
• The alternate rise and fall of water of the
ocean is known as tides.
• Tidal power plants are constructed near
narrow bays
• The kinetic energy of water during tides is
used to produce electricity.
ENERGY FROM SEA
B. WAVE ENERGY:
• The kinetic energy of water waves in sea
rotates the turbine of a generator.
• Wave energy would be a viable proposition
only where waves are strong.
ENERGY FROM SEA
C. OCEAN THERMAL ENERGY:
• The temperature of water at the ocean is
much more than the temperature of water
deep into the ocean .
• Due to this temperature difference , heat
energy can be drawn from the sea or ocean.
This heat energy is used to produce electricity
• This is called as ocean thermal energy.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
• The heat energy stored in the hot spots of the earth's
crust is called geo-thermal energy.
• The steam of the underground water is used to rotate
the turbine of the generator to produce electricity.
• ADVANTAGES:
• The energy can be converted into electricity 24 hours
a day.
• Conversion cost is very less.
• It causes no pollution.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
The energy obtained from conversion of
nuclear mass is known as nuclear energy.

NUCLEAR ENERGY

NUCLEAR FISSION NUCLEAR FUSION


NUCLEAR ENERGY
• NUCLEAR FISSION:
• Splitting of a heavy nucleus into light-nuclei is
known as nuclear fission.
• NUCLEAR FUSION:
• Combining of light nuclei to form large nucleus
is called as nuclear fusion.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
• In a nuclear reactor designed for electric
power generation , nuclear fuel (U-235) can be
part of self sustaining fission chain reaction
that releases energy at a controlled rate .
• The released energy can be used to produce
steam and further produce electricity.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
• ADVANTAGES:
• Small quantity of nuclear fuel (U-235) can be used
to produce large amount of energy.
• The nuclear fuel is inserted only once to produce
energy for a long period of time.
• DISADVANTAGES:
• It causes serious pollution problem than burning
fossil fuel. it emits harmful radiation.
• Disposal of nuclear waste is difficult and dangerous.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
• NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN INDIA:
• Tarapur atomic power station , Maharashtra
• Rajasthan atomic power station , Rawatbhata.
• Narora atomic power station , Narora , U.P.
• Madras atomic power station , kalpakkam, T.N
• Kaiga power plant, Karnataka.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
• Lifestyle of people is now mostly dependant on
machines which operate by electricity for our daily
activities have increased the demand for more
energy.
• Therefore, the demand for energy has also increased
resulting in over-exploitation of resources.
• excess use of fossil fuels has led to pollution.
• Increasing demand for energy has led to ecological
imbalance.
HOW LONG WILL AN ENERGY SOURCE LAST ?

• Continuous use of fossil fuels is a concern


because the deposits of these resources will
get exhausted.
• It takes long time to replenish ,so, we should
use them judiciously.
• Renewable energy like wind, solar , biomass,
hydropower, geothermal energy will last
forever.
THE END

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