RIMT- COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

HIGH RISE BUILDING

WORLD TRADE CENTRE

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

AR. J M DUGGAL ANKIT JINDAL
DIKSHA GUPTA
DISHA BHUTANI
DIVYA BANSAL
LOVISH MAKKAR
World Trade Centre

•ARCHITECT DAVID CHILDS

•DANIEL LIBES KIND (2002)

DEVELOPERS:
PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK
 WTC
The World Trade Center is a complex
of buildings in Lower Manhattan , New
York City , United States, replacing an
earlier complex of seven buildings with
the same name on the same site. The
original World Trade Center featured
landmark twin towers, which opened on
April 4, 1973, and were destroyed in
the September 11 attacks of 2001, along
with 7 World Trade Center. The other
buildings in the complex were severely
damaged by the collapse of the twin
towers
Location
Location
• At the heart of the tri - state transportation
network

• The World Trade Center development links

seamlessly to the metropolitan area’s, local
and regional transport services.

• It provides quick and easy access to the

region’s three international airports, as well as
a full range of rail services.

• With the completion of World Trade Center

Transportation Hub, the World Trade Center
offers unsurpassed downtown access,
connecting to eleven subway lines, PATH(rapid
transit railroad service) and Hudson River
ferries.

• The One World Trade Center lobby features

street-level entrances on three sides. It also
provides quick and convenient access to the
Transportation Hub and retail concourses.
Transportation Network
THE ORIGINAL WORLD
TRADE CENTER
At the time of their completion the
"Twin Towers", the original 1 WTC 
(417 m), and 2 TWC were the tallest
building in the world. The other
buildings in the complex included the 
3 WTC, 4 WTC, 5 WTC, 6 WTC, and 7
WTC. All of these buildings were built
between 1975 and 1985, with a
construction cost of $400 million
($2,300,000,000 in 2014 dollars).The
complex was located in New York
City's Financial District and contained
13,400,000 square feet (1,240,000 m2)
of office space.
On the morning of September 11,
2001, Al-Qaeda-affiliated hijackers
flew two Boeing 767 jets into the
complex, one into each tower, in a
coordinated act of terrorism. After
burning for 56 minutes, the South
Tower (2) collapsed, followed a half-
hour later by the North Tower (1). The
attacks on the World Trade Center
killed 2,753 people.Falling debris from
the towers, combined with fires that
the debris initiated in several
surrounding buildings, led to the partial
or complete collapse of all the other
buildings in the complex and caused
catastrophic damage to ten other large
structures in the surrounding area
(including the World Financial Center).
The process of cleaning up and
recovery at the World Trade Center
site took eight months.
Over the following years, plans
were created for the reconstruction
of the World Trade Center.
The Lower Manhattan
Development Corporation (LMDC),
established in November 2001 to
oversee the rebuilding process,
organized competitions to select
a site plan and memorial
design. Memory Foundations,
designed by Daniel Libeskind, was
selected as the master plan;
however, substantial changes were
made to the design.
The structural engineering firm Worthington,
Skilling, Helle & Jackson worked to implement
Yamasaki's design, developing thetube-frame
structural system used in the twin towers. The
tube frame design, using steel core and
perimeter columns protected with sprayed-on
fire resistant material, created a relatively
lightweight structure that would sway more in
response to the wind compared to traditional
structures .The tube-frame design, earlier
introduced by Fazlur Khan, was a new
approach that allowed more open floor plans
than the traditional design that distributed
columns throughout the interior to support
building loads.
Minoru Yamasaki as lead
ORIGINAL BUILDING
architect has a plan for the
towers to be 80 stories tall, but
to meet the Port Authority's
requirement for 10,000,000
square feet (930,000 m2) of
office space, the buildings would
each have to be 110 stories tall.
A major limiting factor in
building height is the issue of
elevators; the taller the building,
the more elevators are needed
to service the building, requiring
more space-consuming elevator
banks. use a new system with two "sky lobbies”
Construction started  1 WTC: August 1968
 2 WTC: January 1969
 3 WTC: December 1979
 4, 5, and 6 WTC: 1970
 7 WTC: 1983
Completed  1 WTC: December 23, 1970
 2 WTC: July 19, 1971
 3 WTC: July 1981
 4, 5, and 6 WTC: 1975
 7 WTC: May 1987
Opening April 4, 1973

Floor count  1 and 2 WTC: 110 floors

 3 WTC: 22 floors
 4 and 5 WTC: 9 floors
 6 WTC: 8 floors
 7 WTC: 47 floors
•The World Trade Center towers used high-
strength, load-bearing perimeter steel
columns called Vierendeel trusses that
were spaced closely together to form a
strong, rigid wall structure, supporting
virtually all lateral loads such as wind
loads, and sharing the gravity load with the
core columns.
•The core of the towers housed the
elevator and utility shafts, restrooms, three
stairwells, and other support spaces. The
core of each tower was a rectangular area
and contained 47 steel columns running
from the bedrock to the top of the tower.
The floors used prefabricated floor
trusses ,supported their own weight as well
as live loads, providing stability to the walls
and distributing wind loads among the
walls.The floors consisted of 4 inches
(10 cm) thick lightweight concrete slabs.
1. ancillary building 
2. plaza level
10. open-plan office
3. sky-lobby 11. express lifts
4. technical services 12. local lifts 
5. underground car park 
 33 Concrete base slab
34 Grillage beams
37 Core column

13 Load-bearing external wall

17 Core box column
20 Floor slab 
 • 21. Floor covering
22. In-situ concrete
23. Trough decking
24. Bar joist
25. Electrical services duct
26. Air-conditioning duct

13. load-bearing external wall

14. bar joist 900mm deep
15. secondary joist
16. horizontal bracing
17. core box column 
32. rock
33. concrete base slab
34. grillage beams
36. external column
37. core column 
10. open-plan office
11. express lifts
12. local lifts 
When World Trade Center twin towers
were completed, the total costs had
reached $900 million.The ribbon cutting
ceremony was on April 4, 1973
NEW TOWERS AFTER
ATTACK
1
•The new complex includes One World Trade 2 3
4
Center (formerly known as the Freedom Tower), 7
World Trade Center, three other high-rise office 7
buildings, a museum and memorial, and a
transportation hub.
•The process of cleanup and recovery continued
24 hours a day over a period of eight months. 6 5
On May 30, 2002, a ceremony was held to
officially mark the end of the cleanup efforts
WTC Site Plan

6
 Design
• A 65-feet (20 m) high public lobby, topped by a
series of mechanical floors, form a 200-feet
(61 m)-per-side visual cubic base to the tower.

• The next 69 floors, providing tenant office space,

rise above the base to an elevation of 1,150 feet
(350 m).

Lobby

• Mechanical and observation floors culminate in a rooftop

observation deck at 1,362 feet (415 m) with a glass
parapet extending to 1,368 feet (417 m) - the heights of
the original Twin Towers.

• A shrouded antenna structure supported by cables, rises

to a total height of 1,776 feet (541 m), which is a tribute
to the year the United States Declaration of
Independence was signed.  
Cubic Base
 Design
• Cable-net glass is used for facades on all four sides of the building. They measure 60 feet
 

high and range in width from 30 feet on east and west sides (for access to the observation
deck) to 50 feet on the north side and 70 feet on the south for primary tenant access.

• As the tower itself rises from this cubic base, its square edges are chamfered back,
transforming the square into eight tall isosceles triangles in elevation, or an elongated square
antiprism.  

• At its middle, the tower forms a perfect octagon in plan and then culminates in a glass
parapet (elevation 1,362 feet (415 m) and 1,368 feet (417 m) whose plan is a square, rotated
45 degrees from the base.

• A mast containing the antenna for television broadcasters is secured by a system of cables,
and rises from a circular support ring, similar to the Statue of Liberty's torch, to a height of
1,776 feet (541 m).

• Above the mast will be an intense beam of light that will be lit at night and will likely be
visible over 1,000 feet (300 m) into the air above the tower.
Stack Plan
Construction started  1 WTC: April,2006

Completed  1 WTC: july ,2013

opening • November 3,2014

Floor count  1 and 2 WTC: 110 floors
 3 WTC: 22 floors
 4 and 5 WTC: 9 floors
 6 WTC: 8 floors
 7 WTC: 47 floors
 Ground Floor

VESEY STREET
VESE
Y STR
EE T

FLATON STREET
 Entrance

View of West plaza

Typical Floor Plan
 Structural design
• The tower’s structure is designed around a massive, redundant steel
moment frame consisting of beams and columns connected by a
combination of welding and bolting.

• Paired with a massive concrete core shear wall, the moment frame lends
substantial rigidity and redundancy to the overall building structure while
providing column free interior spans

Column Free interior Structural Steel Moment frame at the

tower perimeter
 Building Features

3.0 million RSF of Class A office space

• 55 ft high main lobby accessible from three frontages and
connected to the underground transportation network
• Double-height sky lobby for access to upper floors
• Column-free floor plates
• 45 ft maximum core-to-window depth, 30 ft perimeter column
module, 5 ft curtain wall module
• 13 ft, 4 inch slab-to-slab
• Minimum finished ceiling heights of 9 ft
• 54 high-speed destination dispatch elevators
• 5 service cars serve all office floors
• Central service corridor and limited core penetrations eliminate the
need for an inefficient second interior path of circulation
• 2 tenant-controlled DX units per floor
• 10 escalators
 Curtain Wall
• Curtain wall begins at 20th floor and continues to
the observation deck.

• Based on a 1.52x 4.0 m2 module, the panels are

floor – to- floor, high- performance, insulated units
weighing in as much as 2720 kgs each.

• The units at the 20th floor are the heaviest due to

blast-resistance requirements which make them
thicker and heavier.

Designed to achieve
LEED CS Gold

– 90% of occupied spaces use natural light

– 21% energy reduction
– 100% renewable energy
– 30% reduction in municipal water consumption
– 100% storm water recycled
– High-quality filtered air
– High-performance curtain wall
 Life Safety Features
Structural redundancy
– 14,000 psi steel-reinforced concrete core enclosing
all life safety equipment and paths of egress
– Extra-wide pressurized and protected egress stairs
– Emergency generator backup for life safety and
critical systems
– Steel moment frame
– Alternative structural load paths
– Interconnected internal stairs with alternative
paths of egress leading directly to the street
-24/7 electronic access, campus-wide integrated
switch plan

• Safety features will include 3 feet thick reinforced

concrete walls for all stairwells, elevator shafts,
risers, and sprinkler systems; extremely wide
"emergency stairs"; a dedicated set of stairwells
exclusively for the use of firefighters; and
biological and chemical filters throughout its
ventilation system.
 Spire
• The spire performs multiple functions, most of which
involves broadcasting and digital communication.
• It’s a hybrid structure consisting of 2 major
components: a 137 meter spire and a 3 level
communications platform ring.
• At the base of the spire, the circular lattice ring
supports electronic news gathering antennas and
communication antennas.
• To add more support cables are connected from the
mast back to ring.
• Large helical channel, called strakes are built into the
geometry of radome and wrap around the antenna to
direct wind up and away from the structure.
 2 World Trade Center
• 2 WTC is the capstone in the
redevelopment of the World Trade Center
and the final component of the
revitalization of Lower Manhattan. 
• The 80+ story building will serve as the new
headquarters for 21st Century Fox and
News Corp who will occupy the lower half
of the tower, housing their subsidiary
companies and more than 5,000 people
under one roof.

BUILDING FACTS
• Second tallest of WTC Towers
• 80+ Stories / 1,270 feet tall
• 2.8 million rentable square feet of space
• 40 foot high office lobby
• Life-safety systems to far exceed NYC
building code
• Located at 200 Greenwich St. and bound by
Church Street to the east, Vesey Street to
the north and Fulton Street to the south
 3 World Trade Center
• With a structure that is exposed and visible —
the design for 3 World Trade Center will stand
out at the center of the new WTC.
• The defining aspect of 3 WTC is its load-sharing
system of diamond-shaped bracing, which helps
to articulate the building's east-west
configuration. This allows unimpeded 360-
degree panoramic views of New York.

BUILDING FACTS
• Opening early 2018
• Architect: Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners
(Richard Rogers)
• 80 stories / 1,079 feet tall
• 2.8 million rentable square feet of space
• 64 foot high office lobby
• 150,000 square feet of retail on 5 floors
• Life-safety systems far exceed NYC building code
• Located at 175 Greenwich St. and bound by
Greenwich, Cortlandt, Church and Dey Streets
• GroupM has signed a 20-year lease for 515,000
square feet
 4 World Trade Center
• 4 World Trade Center is the most advanced office building of
the 21st Century — a model of technology, efficiency &
sustainability that’s received rave architectural reviews.
• Located at the heart of the new Downtown, 4 WTC offers
direct access to virtually every city subway and some of the
best new shops and restaurants in New York.
 
Building Facts
• Opened November 2013
• Architect: Maki and Associates (Fumihiko Maki)
• 72 stories / 977 feet tall
• 2.5 million rentable square feet of space
• 140,000 square feet of retail on 5 floors
• 46 foot high office lobby
• Art installations by Kozo Nishino and Thinc
• 37 High-speed destination dispatch passenger elevators
• Life-safety systems far exceed NYC building code
• Located at 150 Greenwich St. and bound by Greenwich,
Liberty, Church and Cortlandt Streets
• 56% leased to tenants including MediaMath, Morningstar,
IEX, the Port Authority and the City of NY
 7 World Trade Center
• 7 World Trade Center marks the gateway to the new WTC,
and heralds the spirit of redevelopment and renewal in
Downtown Manhattan.
• 7WTC is a pioneer in terms of environmental
responsibility, energy efficiency, and quality of life.

Building Facts
• Opened May 2006
• Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (David M. Childs)
• 52 stories / 741 feet tall
• 1.7 million square feet of space
• NYC’s first LEED Gold Certified Office Building
• Art installations by Jamie Carpenter, Jenny Holzer, Jeff
Koons
• 29 High-speed destination dispatch passenger elevators
• Life-safety systems far exceed NYC building code
• Located at 250 Greenwich St. and bound by Greenwich,
Vesey, Washington, and Barclay Streets
• Fully-leased to Moody's Corporation, Ameriprise
Financial, NCR, BMI, the New York Academy of Sciences,
Mansueto Ventures, Kostelantz & Fink law firm, and
WestLB
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