Software Tools

Introduction
to UNIX
 Slide 2

Instructor
Huamin Qu

Office Rm 3508
Email [email protected]
Web www.huamin.org

Office hours: After class

Tu & Th 16:30 – 17:30
By appointment
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TAs
 Chuck-Jee Chau (Jee) (Quiz & Lab Questions)
 Haomian Wang (Eric) (Lab 1A)
 Ka-Kei Chung (Charles) (Lab 1B)
 Wing-Yi Chan (Winnie) (Lab 1C)
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Course Home Page

 The course home page
http://www.cse.ust.hk/~huamin/111/index.htm
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Grading
 10 Lab assignments 20% (2% each)
 Midterm Exam 50% (12 April)
 Project and Presentation 30% (Last 6 lectures)
 Comp111
Slide 6

Project & Presentation General Topics

 For the comp111 project, you will devise,

implement, and document your own custom
application.
 You will choose your own topic that includes
Unix, Shellscripting, or Perl:
 Your own Shellscript custom application
 Your own Perl script custom application
 Your own Perl CGI custom application
 Your own Server Push/Client Pull custom application
 Slide 7

COMP111 Project & Presentation

 You will work in groups of normally 4 people.
 Presentations will be in the last 6 classes of the semester.
 The tentative format for the project is the following:
 7-minute presentation (like short conference presentation, or my
lectures)
 3-minutes for Q&A (while the next group sets up)
 You will turn in by 21 Apr 2008 (email me):
 a softcopy of your PowerPoint notes
 a softcopy of a short paper (4 pages) summarizing your
presentation
 any source code (Perl, shellscripts)
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Topics
 Unix system
 Shell programming
 Perl
 Regular expressions
 Web programming (HTML & CGI)
 Server
Slide 9

Course Texts
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Class
 In class we will have
 Lectures
 In-class exercises
 Quizs
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Quiz

The quotation “It’s a Unix system. I know this”

appears in movie
1. 2001: A Space Odyssey
2. Jurassic Park
3. Star Wars
4. Alien
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Answer
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhOk2H2M
v6U&feature=related
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Jurassic Park (1993)

 “It’s a Unix system. I know this”
 The park software is written in Pascal; a
program is clearly visible in one of the monitor
close-ups on the UNIX system.

From
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107290/trivia
 Slide 14

What is UNIX?
 UNIX is an Operating System (OS).
 An operating system is a control program that
helps the user communicate with the computer
hardware.
 The most popular operating systems: Windows
-- from Microsoft. (Windows is the “Big Mac” of
operating systems -- cheap and “billions
served”.)
 UNIX was developed long before Windows,
about 36 years ago at AT&T Bell Labs in the
US.
 Slide 15

What is UNIX?
 UNIX is an operating system for experts,
used on high-end workstations, database
servers, and web servers.
 UNIX provides some powerful features:
 security - private and shared files
 multi-user support
 data sent to display, files, or printers in same
way
 interprocess communication
 Microsoft keeps trying to upgrade Windows
to try to replace UNIX as the “OS for
experts”.
 WindowsXP for client
 Windows Server 2003 R2, Exchange Server 2007 for
server
 Slide 16

UNIX Versions
 There are two main types of UNIX:
 BSD (Berkeley Software Distribution)
 System V (developed at AT&T)
 Our book covers UNIX System V
 There are many different versions of
UNIX for different hardware:
 Linux for the PC, including
– Mandriva (running in CS Lab2, some PG/faculty desktops,
and Linux CPU servers; used to be called Mandrake)
– Red Hat
– Fedora Core (free community version of Red Hat)
– Debian (freeware)
 Sun Microsystem’s Solaris
 Hewlett-Packard’s HP-UX
 IBM’s AIX
 SGI’s IRIX
 Slide 17

Who Uses UNIX?

 Big companies. They especially use
UNIX servers, preferring its stability.
They can afford to hire employees
with UNIX experience.
 Computer manufacturers such as
Sun, SGI, IBM, and HP
 Computer chip manufacturers like
Motorola & Intel
 Software companies
 Banks
 Hong Kong Government
 Hospital Authority
 Universities
 Small companies that use Linux
 OS free
 Slide 18

Most Important Feature of UNIX

 Most important feature of UNIX: STABILITY
 36 years to get the bugs out
 Important in shared environments and critical applications
 Shared Environments Example: University
 Windows crashes 1-2 times/month in labs
 UNIX servers crash usually only when hard disk fails
 UNIX more reliable than Windows
 Critical Applications
 Bank – Don’t want to lose money in ATM transactions!
 Hospital - Don’t want to wait for reboot during operation!
 Airport - Air traffic control landing planes.
 PCW - Don’t want phone system going down!
 Slide 19

Unix History
 http://www.levenez.com/unix/

 http://www.princeton.edu/~mike/unixpeople.ht
m

 http://www.bell-labs.com/history/unix/

 http://www.cs.uchicago.edu/~mark/51081/lect
ure.1/lecture.1.ppt
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Key Persons

                 
                          
                 
                 
                 
                 
        
                                                              
Brian    Dennis   Ken Linus   Richard
Kernighan  Thompson    Bill Joy    Steve Jobs Torvalds 
Ritchie  Stallman 
 Slide 21

Key Persons

                 
                          
                 
                 
                 
                 
        
                                                              
Brian    Dennis   Ken Linus   Richard
Kernighan  Thompson    Bill Joy    Steve Jobs Torvalds 
Ritchie  Stallman 

Quiz: Which key person has visited HKUST before?

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Key Persons
 Ken Thompson (Turing Award 1983)
 Dennis Ritchie (Turing Award 1983)

“ For their development of generic operating

systems theory and specifically for the
implementation of the UNIX operating system”
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History of Unix (1960s)

 Multics (Multiplexed Information and
Computing Service) Operating System
 Key players
 AT&T Bell
 Thompson and Dennis Ritchie
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History of Unix (1970s)

 Multics -> Unics -> Unix
 1970 Unix OS ran on the PDP-11/20
 1973 Unix was rewritten in C
 1976 First licensed release (Version 6)
 1977 1BST (1st Berkeley Software
Distributions)
 1978 First portable version (Version 7)
 1979 Berkeley BSD
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History of Unix (1980s)

 1983 System V becomes Industry Standard
 1986 BSD 4.3, AT&T Version 9
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History of Unix (1990s)

 1993 Linux
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Image of Unix
 Elite
 Free spirit + Creative
 Stable +Secure
 Open source
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Philosophy of Unix
 Minimal design (Simplicity)
“KISS - Keep it simple, Stupid”
“Simple is beautiful”
 “Do one thing, and do it well”
 Open access
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Quotations

“Technically, Unix is a simple, coherent system

which pushes a few good ideas to the limit”
– Sunil Das

“Unix is simple and coherent, but it takes a

genius (or at any rate, a programmer) to
understand and appreciate its simplicity”
– Dennnis Ritchie