Day 1

Module 1: Forces & Motion

Topic: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
 Agree or Disagree

1. Force is needed to stop an object.

2. Force always results to motion.
3. Force can act even at a distance.
4. Objects have the tendency to remain at rest.
5. Objects have the tendency to resist change.
Analyze the picture.
 Exploring

Each group will place a ball or any object on top of their table .
a) Will this object move by itself?
b) How can we make this object move?
c) While it is moving, how can we make the object speed up or slow
down?
d) How can make it stop?
e) How can we make it change its direction?

How can you achieve the given condition above?

 DAY 2:
Forces & Motion
Topic: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
 Forces Acting in an Object
 What is force?
 Push or Pull
 it can make objects move, move faster,
stop, or change the direction of motion.
 Forces Acting in an Object
 To accurately describes the forces on an object be familiar first
with the following terms:
 Magnitude refers to the size or strength of the force. It is
commonly expressed in Newton (N).
 The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of the
force while the length of the arrow represents the relative
magnitude of the force. If the force applied on the ball is
doubled, the length of the arrow is increased two times.
 The line of action is the straight line passing through the
point of application and is parallel to the direction of the
force.
Points to the direction of Points of Action
the force
Line of Application Line of Application

Force acting on a ball

 Forces Acting in an Object

Normal Force
the component of a contact force that is
perpendicular to the surface that an object
contacts.
Force of Gravity
the force with which the earth, moon, or
other massively large object attracts another
object towards itself.
weight of the object
 Forces Acting in an Object

Applied Force
force that is applied to an object by a
person or another object..
Friction Force
is the force exerted by a surface as an
object moves across it or makes an effort
to move across it.
 Forces Acting in an Object

Air Resistance Force

is a special type of frictional force that acts
upon objects as they travel through the air.
Tension Force
 is the force that is transmitted through a
string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled
tight by forces acting from opposite ends.
It is directed along the length of the wire and
pulls equally on the objects on the opposite
ends of the wire.
 Forces Acting in an Object

Spring Force
 is the force exerted by a compressed or
stretched spring upon any object that is
attached to it.
 Activity Proper

 Read the objective of the activity.

 Do the activity 1 Forces on object at rest in
LM pp. 5- 6.
 Post Activity
Analysis:
 Situation 1
1. Is the pen at rest or in motion?
2. Are there forces acting on the pen? If yes, draw the
forces. You may use arrows to represent these forces.
3. What happens to the pen? What could have caused the
pen’s motion?
 Situation 2
1. Is the book at rest or in motion?
2. Are there forces acting on the book? If yes, draw the
forces acting on the book.
3. Did the book move? How will you make the book move?
 Application

Since friction is a resistance force that slows

down or prevent motion, there are
advantages and disadvantages that friction
may do.
How is friction important in:
a. walking
b. writing
c. running vehicles
 Generalization

1. What is force?
2. What are some other forces that can cause
something to move?
3. How does gravity affect object on earth?
4. What is a force that can cause an object to
slow down or have little movement?
5. In your own words define friction.
 Evaluation

Multiple Choices: Read each statement

carefully and write only the letter of the
correct answer.
1. A book is at rest on top of a table. Which of
the following is correct?
A. There is no force acting on the book.
B. The book has no inertia.
C. There is no force acting on the table.
D. The book is in equilibrium.
 Evaluation

2. Which of the following situations involves

friction?
A. A bicycle rolling down a hill
B. A baseball player sliding into 2nd base
C. A diver falling through the air to a pool
D. All of the above experience some
friction.
 Evaluation

3. What is gravity?
A. Newton’s first law
B. The force that objects exert on each
other because of their masses
C The downward pull on the Earth
D. The friction that an object has put on it
 Evaluation

4. Which is the best example of gravity?

A. A car hits a tree, and its motion stops
B. A breeze blows, and a sailboat moves
C. A book is pushed, and it moves across
the table
D. A person drops a ball, and it falls to the
ground
 Evaluation

5. How does Earth ‘s gravity affect objects

near Earth?
A. It pushes them away.
B. It pulls them in
C. It makes them larger.
D. It makes them move faster.
 Assignment

Write situation/ examples where the

presences of other forces are beneficial.
 Day 2
Module 1: Forces & Motion
Topic: Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
Competency: (S8FE-Ia-16)
Infer that when a body exerts a force on another, an equal
amount of force is exerted back on it.
Objectives:
1. Describe the conditions when two forces balance
2. Explain the effect of balanced forces on the state of
motion of an object.
 Review:

1. What are the forces acting on an object at

rest?
2. What are examples of balanced forces? .
 Watch Me!

..\Videos\Balanced and Unbalanced Force.mp4

 Let us Explore!

 Do the activity 2 in Lesson Guide Science 8

(First Quarter) pp. 8 – 9 or Learners’ Module
pp. 7
 Guide Questions

1. When the cardboard is at rest, how do the

magnitudes and directions of the pair of forces
acting on it compare?
2. If you draw the lines of action of all the forces
acting on the board and extend the lines, what
will you get?
 Group Presentation/
Discussion
1. If two forces acting on an object are equal in
magnitude but opposite in direction, they are
considered as balanced forces. These forces must lie
along the same line.
2. If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the
object either stays at rest or continues to move at
constant velocity.
3. If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced, the
motion of the object will change.
 Concept Check

1. Fnet = 20 units
2. Fnet = 5 units. The object will move in the direction of
the 10-unit force (larger force).
3. Fnet = 0. The object will not move.
 Let’s Apply It!

Study the given pictures below and describe the forces involved.
 Let’s Sum It Up!

1. If two forces acting on an object are equal in

magnitude but opposite in direction, they are
considered as balanced forces. These forces must lie
along the same line.
2. If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the
object either stays at rest or continues to move at
constant velocity.
3. If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced, the
motion of the object will change.
 Evaluation
For question no 4 and 5 refer to the diagram below
 Two tugboats are moving a barge. Tugboat A exerts a force of
3000 N to the left. Tugboat B exerts a force of 5000N in the same
direction.

 
 
 
a. Draw arrows showing the individual forces of the tugboats in #1.
b. Are the forces balanced or unbalanced? ______________
c. In what direction will the barge move? ________________
 Evaluation
Direction: Read each statement carefully and write
the letter of the correct answer.
1. ______________ refers to when a force is equal and
opposite.
A. balanced force
B. unbalanced force
C. magnitude
D. friction
 Evaluation
2.When one force in a pair is greater than the other,
we call this:
A. balanced force
B. unbalanced force
C. magnitude
D. friction
 Evaluation
3. If two forces are acting on an object they are equal
in magnitude
A. and equal in direction
B. and in opposite direction
C. cancel each other
D. none of the above
 Advance Assignment

1. Define what inertia is.

2. What is stated in the first law of motion?
 Lesson 3
Module 1: Forces & Motion
Topic: Law of Inertia
Competency: (S8FE-Ia-17)
•Demonstrate how a body responds to changes in motion.
Objectives:
1. State the Law of Inertia.
2. Relate inertia to mass.
3. Cite situations where the law of inertia applies.
 Review:

Differentiate balanced from unbalanced force.

 If two forces acting on an object are equal in magnitude
but opposite in direction, they are considered as balanced
forces. These forces must lie along the same line.
 If the forces acting on an object are balanced, the object
either stays at rest or continues to move at constant
velocity
 If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced, the
motion of the object will change.
 Jumbled Words
Guess the word being defined by solving the jumbled
letters.

It refers to the amount of matter an object has.

MASS
 Jumbled Words

It is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the

object’s interaction with another object.

FORCE
 Jumbled Words

An action or process of moving or of changing place

or position.

MOTION
 Jumbled Words

It is the resistance of any physical object to any

change in its state of motion.

INERTIA
 Presentation of the Lesson

 Are those set or words familiar to

you?
 What ideas came in your mind
when you met those words we had
unscrambled?
 Let Us Explore!

Do the activity on Inertia (A and B)

Learners’ Module pp. 11 – 12
 Guide Questions

PART A.
1. What happens when you slowly pulled the cardboard?
Explain.
2. What happens when you flipped the cardboard? Explain.
PART B.
1. What happen to the remaining books after one book
was pulled? Why is this so?
2. Relate your observation to the concept of inertia.
 Answers:
PART A.
1. When we slowly pulled the cardboard, the coin on top moved with the
cardboard. The frictional force acting between the coin and the cardboard
caused the coin to stay on top of the cardboard and move with it.
2. When the coin was flipped quickly, the cardboard moved forward but the
coin did not move with it. When the cardboard was removed from underneath
it, the coin dropped into the glass.
The coin did not move forward with the coin because of the tendency of the
coin to stay at rest (inertia).
PART B.
1. When we hit the bottom coin with the edge of the ruler, it moved out from
the pile of coins but the other coins stayed in place. The inertia of the coins
has caused them not to move out with the coin that was hit by the ruler.
2. All objects have the tendency to resist changes in their state of motion or
keep doing what they are doing. The coin dropped into the glass because it
was trying to remain in its state of rest.
 Law of Inertia

 Newton's first law states that an object at rest will stay at

rest or an object in motion will stay in motion and travel in
straight line, as long as no external net force acts on it.
(“A body will remain at rest or move at constant velocity
unless acted upon by an external net or unbalanced force.”)
 The object will change its state of motion only if there is
unbalanced or net force acting upon it.
 Inertia is measured in terms of mass. An object having
greater mass has greater inertia.
 Application
Use the following examples to explain how Newton's first
law occurs in everyday events:
a) car suddenly stops and you strain against the seat belt.
b) when riding a horse, the horse suddenly stops and you
fly over its head.
c) the magician pulls the tablecloth out from under a table
full of dishes.
d) the difficulty of pushing a dead car.
e) car turns left and you appear to slide to the right.
(A moving object wants to stay moving at the same speed
and in the same direction.)
 Evaluation

Read each statement carefully and write the letter

of the correct answer.
1. According to Newton's First Law of Motion,
A. an object in motion eventually comes to a stop.
B. an object at rest eventually begins to move.
C. an object at rest always remains at rest.
D. an object at rest remains at rest unless acted
upon by a net force.
 Evaluation

2. The greater the mass of an object,

A. the easier the object starts moving.
B. the more space it takes up.
C. the greater its inertia.
D. the more balanced it is.
 Evaluation

3. The tendency of an object to resist any change in

its motion is known as
A. balance.
B. force
C. inertia.
D. mass.
 Evaluation

4. Mass of the object is quantitative measure of its

inertia stated law is newton's
A. first law
B. second law
C. third law
D. fourth law
 Evaluation

5. Which of these best describes the concept of

inertia?
A. A force that attracts objects with mass
B. The tendency of an object to float in water
C. A force created when surfaces are in contact
D. The tendency of an object to resist a change in
motion
 Lesson 4
Module 1: Forces & Motion
Topic: Law of Acceleration
Competency: (S8FE-Ia-17)
•Demonstrate how a body responds to changes in motion.
Objectives:
1. State the Law of Acceleration.
2. Describe how the net force acting on an object affects its
acceleration.
3. Perform sample activity.
 Review:

 What is inertia?
 State the law of inertia.
 How is the law of inertia related to mass?
 Engagement

 Study the picture.

 Can a man push the car?
 How much force is needed by the man to push the
car?
 Presentation of the Lesson

 1. Differentiate the two balls in terms of mass. Which

has the greater mass?
 2. If equal amount of force will be applied in the two
balls, then which will accelerates faster?
 Exploration:

Preparation for activity no.4 Force and Acceleration

 1. Use the result of the experiment conducted by a group
of students to determine the relationship between the
force acting on the object and its acceleration.
 2. Distribute the copy of the data result of the ticker tape
experiment.
 Exploration:
With the use of the result of the ticker tape experiment, answer the guide questions;
Q12. Compare the charts. What similarities and differences have you noticed among them?
Q13. What does the increase in the lengths of the strips suggest? What can you say about the
motion of the cart - is it moving in uniform motion or is it accelerating? Is this also true with the
other runs?
Q14. How do you compare the increase in length of the strips in F= 1 unit? What does this tell you
about the change in the velocity of the cart? Is this also true with the other tape charts?
Q15. How do you compare the increase in length of the strips among the four tape charts? Which
tape chart shows the greatest increase in the length of the strips? Which tape chart shows the least
increase in the length of the strips?
Q16. Describe the line formed. Does the same pattern exist for the other tape charts?
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS:
Q17. How do the values of vave compare? What does this tell you about the motion of the cart?
Q18. How do the computed values of ∆v compare? What does this tell you about the motion of the
cart?
Q19. How do your computed values of acceleration compare?
Q20. In this activity, the number of rubber bands represents the magnitude or amount of the force
acting on the cart. How is acceleration of the cart related to the amount of force acting on it?
 Application
“You may be BIGGER but I am faster.”

a. How does this line illustrate Newton’s Second

Law of Motion?

b. How is the statement related to mass and

acceleration?
.
 Key Concept:
1. Law of Acceleration
“The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the
magnitude of the net force acting on it and is inversely
proportional to its mass.”
2. If the net force acting on an object is constant, its velocity
changes at a constant rate over time. Hence, it is considered to be
moving with constant acceleration. In the tape chart, this is
indicated by the uniform increase in length of the strips over
time. But if the force acting on the object is changed, its
acceleration will also change.
3. The acceleration of the cart increases with the net or
unbalanced force applied on it. Or as the amount of force applied
on the cart increases, the acceleration of the cart also increases.
 To Sum Up!

1. State the second law of motion

2. How is acceleration related to the object’s mass and
the amount
of force exerted?
3. What relationship exists between acceleration and
force; force and mass?
 Quiz Time!

Direction: Read each statement carefully and

write the letter of the best answer.
1. For any object, the greater the force that’s
applied to it, the greater its _____ will be.
A. acceleration C. mass
B. inertia D. velocity
 Quiz Time!

2. A big truck slams into a little car. Which will

exert a greater force during the crash?
A. The car C. both will exert the same force
B The truck D. cannot be determined
 Quiz Time!

3. How does the acceleration of an object change

in relation to its mass? It is _________.
A. directly proportional
B. inversely proportional
C. acceleration doesn’t depend on mass at all
D. neither A or B
 Quiz Time!

4. Suppose a cart is being moved by a force. If

suddenly a load is dumped into the cart so that
the cart’s mass doubles, what happens to the
cart’s acceleration?
A. It quadruples. B. It doubles.
C. It halves. D. It quarters.
 Quiz Time!

5. Which will accelerate faster?

A. a 1000 tons truck B. a fully loaded bus
C. an overloaded jeepney D. a race car
 Assignment

Study the mathematical equation for the Law of

Acceleration.
 Lesson 6
Module 1: Forces & Motion
Topic: Law of Acceleration
Competency: (S8FE-Ia-17)
•Demonstrate how a body responds to
changes in motion.
Objectives:
Solve problems involving the interrelationships
of net force, mass and acceleration.
 Motivation

Why do some things move and at times faster

than the others?
 Derivation of Formula:
 From the statement that acceleration is directly proportional to force at
constant mass.

Mathematically a=kF where nK = mass (eq. 1)

Acceleration also varies with mass. As the mass of the object increases with
the same amount of force applied, its acceleration decreases thus:
a= k(1/m) where K=net force (eq.2)
Combining the two equations, we have
a α F and a α 1/m
Therefore a α F/m
 Mathematically, a = F/m
Where:
a= acceleration
m= mass
F= force
 Group Activity:

Do the exercises.(by group)

Worksheet to be given by the teacher.
Presentation of outcomes.
 Presentation of the Lesson:
1. A huge stone is pushed with 30 N of force. If
there is only 5N of friction and the stone’s
mass is 88 kg. What is the acceleration of the
table?
2. A car is being towed. If its mass is 1750 kg
and it accelerated at 5m/s2, how much net
force is involved?
 Application:

One of our most common experiences with

Newton’s second law is driving a car. The
engine produces force in the forward direction
to accelerate the car. The brakes on the other
hand produce force in the opposite direction to
slow it down.
 Sum it Up:
Mathematically, second law of motion can be expressed:
A = F/m
F = ma
M = F/a
If the unit of Fnet ( Fn) is in Newton, mass(m) is in kilogram
(kg) and acceleration is in meter per second/second (m/s2)
Since force is a vector quantity and mass is a scalar quantity
,acceleration is also a vector quantity where acceleration
follows the direction of the net force.
The unit of of acceleration can be derived also from N/kg,
since
1N = 1 kg.m/s2 therefore, N/kg = kg.m/s2 /kg = m/s2
 Evaluation:
Direction: Solve problems involving the Law of
Acceleration.
1. What is the mass of a truck if it produces a
force of 14,000N while accelerating at a rate
of 5 m/s2 ?
2. Suppose a ball of mass 0.60 kg is hit with a
force of 12 N. Its acceleration will be?
 Evaluation:
2. Which is the correct unit of acceleration?
A. m/s B. m/s2 C. kg.m/s D. kg.m/N
3. Suppose that a sled is accelerating at a rate
of 2m/s2 . If the net force is tripled and the mass
is halved, what then is the new acceleration of
the sled?
A. decrease by half B. doubled
C. tripled D. quadrupled
 Evaluation:
4. Suppose a ball of mass 0.60 kg is hit with a
force of 12 N. Its acceleration will be:
A. 20 m/s2 B. 40 m/s2 C. 10 m/s2 D. 20 m/s
5. If the ball in question no. 4 is increased by 24
N, what is the increased in acceleration?
A. 20 m/s2 B. 30 m/s2 C. 4 0 m/s2 D. 50 m/s2
 Lesson 7
Module 1: Forces & Motion
Topic: Law of Interaction
Competency: (S8FE-Ia-17)
•Demonstrate how a body responds to
changes in motion.
Objectives:
1. State Newton’s Third Law of Motion
2. Compare the two interacting forces in terms of
magnitudes and directions.
3. Identify the action and reaction forces in the given
situations.
 Review

Solve.
What acceleration is imparted to a football with
a mass of 0.40 kg when the player kicked it a
force of 25 N?
 Motivation

Imagine yourself leaning against a tree same

with the picture below.
Did you fall over while you are
still in contact with the tree?
Why or why not?
 Activity

Do the activity in Learners’ Module pp 19 - 20

 Analysis
1. What is the reading on your balance and that of your
partner?
What do these values represent?
2. How do you compare the direction of your partner’s
and your force?
3. What is the reading on your balance and that of your
partner?
4. How do you explain your observation?
5. What is the reading in each balance?
6. Compare the direction of the forces exerted on the
two ends of the connected spring balance.
 Developing Mastery
Analyze the situations below by identifying the pairs of
forces acting on the objects.
 Applications
The class will be divided into small group. Each group is
assigned to 1 of the situations listed below. They will be
given 1 minute to draw/paint the scene and another 30
seconds to position themselves. Challenge the students
to guess the picture of the other group then ask them to
identify the action-reaction forces present.
a. walking
b. a mango fell due to gravity
c. a man pedals a bicycle
d. a person lying down in the emergency room
 Generalizations

1. Based from the above activity state

operationally the law of interaction.
2. Why do forces come in pairs?
3. Explain the condition on how to forces are
equal in magnitude and acting in opposite
direction.
 Evaluation
Direction: Read each sentence carefully and write the letter of
the correct answer.
1. As a 500 N lady sits on the floor, the floor exerts a force on
her equal to______________.
A. 1000 N B. 500 N
C. 250 N D. 50 N
2. According to Newton's Third Law of Motion, when a
hammer strikes and exerts a force on a nail, the nail
A. creates a balanced force.
B. disappears into the wood.
C. moves at a constant speed.
D. exerts and equal and opposite force back on the hammer.
 Evaluation
3. Pick the best example of Newton's Third Law in
action.
A. A rocket taking off from earth which pushes
gases in one direction and the rocket in the
other.
B. A rocket sitting on the ground preparing for
take-off but it needs an outside force to
overcome its inertia of a non-moving object.
C. A rocket that is accelerating through space and
exerts a great amount of force because its
mass and acceleration is so large.
D. Both b and c.
 Evaluation
4. When a teacher stands at the front of the class, the
force of gravity pulls her toward the ground. The
ground pushes back with an equal and opposite force.
This is an example of which of Newton's Laws of
Motion?
A. Law of Inertia
B. Law of Acceleration
C. Law of Interaction
D. Law of Universal Gravitation
 Evaluation

5. For every action there is an equal and opposite

reaction. This is a statement of
A. Newton's First Law of Motion.
B. Newton's Second Law of Motion.
C. Newton's Third Law of Motion.
D. Newton's Law of Action.
 Assignment

Explain how do the Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

applies in a rocket?