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Lesson 4.3 Measures of Relative Position

This document discusses measures of relative position such as z-scores, percentiles, quartiles, and box-and-whisker plots. It provides examples of calculating z-scores based on mean and standard deviation, finding percentiles for given data values, calculating quartiles to partition a data set, and interpreting box-and-whisker plots. Practice problems are included at the end for calculating standard deviation from a given z-score and finding a percentile for a given exam score.

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Kim Dayaganon
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3K views22 pages

Lesson 4.3 Measures of Relative Position

This document discusses measures of relative position such as z-scores, percentiles, quartiles, and box-and-whisker plots. It provides examples of calculating z-scores based on mean and standard deviation, finding percentiles for given data values, calculating quartiles to partition a data set, and interpreting box-and-whisker plots. Practice problems are included at the end for calculating standard deviation from a given z-score and finding a percentile for a given exam score.

Uploaded by

Kim Dayaganon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.

3 Measures of Relative Position


Consider an Internet site that offers
movie downloads.
Data:
12 min estimated mean time to
download a certain movie
4 min standard deviation

Suppose you download this movie, the


download takes 20 min

However, when your friend download this


movie, the download takes 6 min
What a surprise!

The number of standard deviations between a data value


and the mean is known as the data value’s z-score or
standard score.
Z-Score
Example 1. Compare z-scores

Raul has taken two tests in his chemistry


class. He scored 72 on the first test, for
which the mean of all scores was 65 and
the standard deviation was 8. He
received a 60 on the second test, for
which the mean of all scores was 45 and
the standard deviation was 12. In
comparison to other students, did Raul
do better on the first test or the second
test?
Example 1. Compare z-scores

Raul scored 0.875 standard deviation above


the mean on the first test.

Raul scored 1.25 standard deviation above the


mean on the second test.
Example 2. Use z-scores

A consumer group tested a sample of


100 light bulbs. It found that the mean
life expectancy of the bulbs was 842
hr, with a standard deviation of 90.
One particular light bulb from the
DuraBright Company has a z-score of
1.2. What was the life span of this
light bulb?
Example 2. Use z-scores

The light bulb had a life span of 950 hr.


Percentiles
Most standardized examinations provide
scores in terms of percentiles.

pth Percentile
A value x is called the pth percentile
of a data set provided p% of the data
values are less than x.
Example 3. Using Percentiles

In a recent year, the median annual


salary for a physical therapist was Php
174,480. If the 90th percentile for the
annual salary of a physical therapist
was Php 205,900, find the percent of
physical therapists whose annual salary
was
a.more than Php 174,480.
b.less than Php 205,900.
c.between Php 174,480 and Php 205,900.
Example 3. Using Percentiles
Solution
a. By definition, the median is the 50th
percentile. Therefore, 50% of the
physical therapists earned more than
Php 174,480.

b. Because Php205,900 is the 90th


percentile, 90% of all physical therapists
earned less than Php 205,900.

c. From parts a and b, 90% - 50% = 40%


of the physical therapists earned
between Php 174,480 and Php 205,900.
Percentile for a Given
Data Value
Example 4. Find a Percentile

On a reading examination given to


900 students. Elaine’s score of 602
was higher than the scores of 576
students who took the examination.
What is the percentile for Elaine’s
score?
Example 4. Find a Percentile

Elaine’s score of 602 places at the 64th


percentile.
Quartiles

The three numbers Q1, Q2, and Q3


that partition a ranked data set into
four (approximately) equal groups are
called the quartiles of the data.
Quartiles
Example 5. Find the Quartiles of
the Data Set
The following table lists the calories
per 100mL of 25 popular sodas. Find
the quartiles for the data.

Calories, per 100mL of Selected Sodas


43 36 48 62 48
26 42 42 39 50
41 73 53 36 40
37 58 45 45 49
53 40 39 32 56
Example 5. Find the Quartiles of
the Data Set

26 32 36 36 37
39 39 40 40 41
42 42 43 45 45
48 48 49 50 53
53 56 58 62 73
Box-and-Whisker Plot

A box-and whisker plot (sometimes


called a box plot) is often used to
provide a visual summary of a set of
data.
Box-and-Whisker Plots
Practice Test

• Orlan received a score of 70 on a


test for which the mean score score
was 65. Orlan has learned that the
z-score for his test is 0.6. What is
the standard deviation for this set of
test scores?
• On an examination given to 8600
students. Jonalyn’s score of 405
was higher than the scores of 3952
of the students who took the exam.
What is the percentile for Jonalyn’s
score?

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