TEKNIK JALAN RAYA II

TEKNIK SIPIL FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS TRIBHUWANA TUNGGADEWI MALANG
B A H A N A S PA L
Definisi:
• Asphalt is a sticky, black and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid that is present
in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits. It is most commonly
modeled as a colloid, with asphaltenes as the dispersed phase and maltenes as the
continuous phase (though there is some disagreement amongst chemists
regarding its structure). In U.S. terminology, asphalt (or asphalt cement) is the
carefully refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils.
Outside North America, the product is called bitumen.

Wikipedia
• Asphalt is a dark brown-to-black cement-like material obtained by
petroleum refining and containing bitumens as the predominant component.
Bitumen is a generic term for natural or manufactured black or dark-colored
solid, semisolid, or viscous cementitious materials that are composed mainly of
high-molecular weight hydrocarbons. The term includes tars and pitches derived
from coal. Asphalt is used primarily for road construction and roofing materials
due to its remarkable waterproofing and binding properties. The hard surfaces of
roads, for example, depend on the ability of asphalt to cement together
aggregates of stone and sand.

Encyclopedia of Earth
 Klasifikasi Aspal
Berdasarkan Sumber Dan Penggunaannya

Aspal Buatan Aspal Keras atau Aspal Panas

(petrolueum asphalt) (AC, asphalt cement)
·Asphaltic Base Crude Oli
·Parafin Base Crude Oli Aspal Cair (cut back)
·Mixed Base Crude Oli ·Rapid Curing (AC+benzene)
·Medium Curing (AC+kerosene)
·Slow Curing (AC+minyak berat)
ASPAL
Aspal Emulsi (AC+air+asam/basa)
·Cathionic/Anionic Rapid Setting
Aspal Alam
·Cathionic/Anionic Medium Setting
(Native Asphalt)
·Cathionic/Anionic Slow Setting
·Lake Asphalt (Trinidad Lake)
·Rock Asphalt (Perancis,
Swiss, Pulau Buton)
 Klasifikasi Aspal
Menurut AASHTO
Nilai Penetrasi
40-50 60-70 85-100 120-150 200-300
Berdasarkan Nilai Penetrasi
min max min max min max Min max min max

Penetrasi (25°C, 100 gr, 5 detik) 40 50 60 70 85 100 120 150 200 300

Titik Nyala (Cleveland Open), °C 232 - 232 - 232 - 218 - 177 -

Daktilitas (25°C, 5 cm per menit) 100 - 100 - 100 - 100 - 100 -

Kelarutan pada trichloroethele, % 99 - 99 - 99 - 99 - 99 -

Kehilangan berat, % - 0.8 - 0.8 - 1.0 - 1.3 - 1.5

Penetrasi setelah kehilangan berat 58 - 54 - 50 - 46 - 40 -

Daktilitas setelah kehilangan berat - - 50 - 75 - 100 - 100 -

Nilai Viskositas
Berdasarkan Nilai Viskositas
AC-2.5 AC-5 AC-10 AC-20 AC-30 AC-40

Viskositas, 60°C (140°F), poises 250± 50 500±100 1000± 200 2000±­400 3000±600 4000± 800

Viskositas, 135°C (275°F),Cs, Min 125 175 250 300 350 400

Penetrasi (25°C, 100 gr, 5 detik) 220 140 80 60 50 40

Titik Nyala (°C) 163 177 219 232 232 232

Kelarutan pada trichloroethene, % 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0

Kehilangan Berat, % - 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Penyulingan Aspal Buatan
Skema Analisis
Menentukan Struktur Hidrokarbon Aspal
Pengujian-Pengujian
Karakteristik Aspal
1. Pengujian Penetrasi
2. Pengujian Daktilitas
3. Pengujian Titik Lembek
4. Kepekaan Aspal terhadap Perubahan Suhu
5. Pengujian Viskositas
6. Pengujian Titik Nyala dan Titik Bakar
7. Pengujian Berat Jenis
8. Hilang dalam Pemanasan
9. Penyulingan Aspal Cair
10. Kadar Air dalam Minyak Bumi dan Bahan yang
Mengandung Bitumen
11. Kelekatan Aspal dalam Batuan
Alat Pengujian Aspal

Pengujian Penetrasi
 Alat Pengujian Aspal

Pengujian Titik Lembek Ring and Ball

 log PEN (dmm)

log PEN = AT + K

log PEN T2

log PEN T1

T1 T2 T (oC)

Hubungan Suhu dan log Pen Aspal

log Viskositas
(cSt)

log (280 ± 30)

log (170 ± 20)

Suhu (oC)
Suhu pemadatan Suhu pencampuran

Hubungan Suhu dan Viskositas Aspal

Temperature Susceptibility
Persamaan dasar:

logP = AT + K

A = (log pen T1 – log pen T2)/(T1 – T2)

A = (log pen T1 – log 800)/(T1 – SP)
A  0,015 sampai 0,06

Persamaan PI:

50 A = (20 – PI)/(10 + PI)

?
PI = (1952 – 500 log pen – 20SP)/(50log pen – SP – 120)
Alat Pengujian Aspal

Pengujian Daktilitas Aspal

Cetakan Benda Uji dalam Pengujian Daktilitas

 Alat Pengujian Aspal

Percobaan Titik Nyala dengan Alat Cleveland Open Cup

Alat Pengujian Aspal

Percobaan Hilang dalam Pemanasan dengan

Alat Thin Film Oven
Alat Pengujian Aspal

Percobaan Penyulingan Aspal Cair

 Jenis Aspal vs Penggunaan

M S -2 h , H F M S -2 h
Asphalt Cements Emulsified Asphalts 9 Cutback-Asphalts

M S -2 , H F M S -2
M S -1 , H F M S -1
Viscosity Graded Viscosity Graded Medium Curing Rapid Curing
Penetration Graded Anionic Cationic
-Original -Residue (MC) 8 (RC) 8

A R -1 6 0 0 0

H F M S -2 s
Type of Construction

A R -1 0 0 0
A R -2 0 0 0
A R -8 0 0 0
A R -4 0 0 0

1 2 0 -1 5 0
2 0 0 -3 0 0

C M S -2 h

C S S -1 h
A C -2 . 5

8 5 -1 0 0

C M S -2
C R S -1

C R S -2

C S S -1
S S -1 h
A C -4 0
A C -2 0
A C -1 0

4 0 -5 0
6 0 -7 0

3000
R S -2

3000
A C -5

R S -1

S S -1

250
800

250
800
30

70
70
Asphalt-Aggregate Mixtures
Asphalt Concrete and
Hot Laid Plant Mix
Pavement Base and Surfaces
Highways X X X X X7 X X X X X7 X X X X X7
Airports X X X X X X X X
Parking Areas X X X X X X X X X
Drivewas X X X X X X
Curbs X X X
Industrial Floors X X X X X X
Blocks X X X
Groins X X X X X X
Dam Facings X X X X X X
Canal and Reservoar Linings X X X X X X

Cold-Laid Plant Mix 10

Pavement Base and Surfaces
Open-Graded Aggregate X X X X
Well-Graded Aggregate X X X X X X X X X X X
Patching, Immediate Use X X X X X
Patching, Stockpile X X X X

Mixed-in-Place (Road Mix) 10

Pavement Base and Surfaces X X X X X X X X
Open-Graded Aggregate X X X X X X X X X
Well-Graded Aggregate X X X X X X X X
Sand X X X X X X X X X
Sandy Soil X X X X X X X X X X
Patching, Immediate Use X X X X
Patching, Stockpile

Recycling
Hot-Mix X X X X X X X X X
Cold-Mix 10 X X X X X X X X X X X X

Asphalt-Aggregate Applications
Surface Treatments
Single Surface Treatment X X X X X X X X
Multiple Surface Treatment X X X X X X X X
Aggregate Seal X X X X X X X X X X
Sand Seal X X X X X
Slurry Seal X X X X

Asphalt Applications
Surface Treatments
Fog Seal X5 X2 X2 X2 X2
Prime Coat X16 X1 X1 X1 X1 X1 X X X
Tack Coat X X2 X2 X X2 X2
Dust Laying X5 X2 X2 X2 X2 X X X X X
Mulch X2 X2

Membrane
Canal and Reservoar Linings X X
Embankment Envelopes X X X X X X

Crack Fillings
Asphalt Pavements X3 X3 X3 X3
Portland Cement Concrete
Pavements X4 X4 X4

1 Mixed-in Prime Only 5 Diluted with water by the manufacturer 8 Before using MC's for spray applications (other than prime coats) check with local pollution control agency
2 Diluted with water 6 MS-2 only 9 Emulsifed asphalts shown are AASHTO and ASTM grades and may not include all grades produced in all geographical areas
3 Slurry mix 7 For use in cold climates 10 Evaluation of emulsified asphalt-aggregate system required to determine the proper grade of emulsified asphalt to use
4 Rubber asphalt compounds
 Spesifikasi Bitumen
(Japan Road Association)
Penetration Grade 60 - 80 80 - 100 100 - 120 120 - 150

Penetration (25oC, 100g, 5 sec) 60 – 80 80 – 100 100 – 120 120 – 150

o
Softening Point C 44.0 – 52.0 42.0 – 50.0 40.0 – 50.0 38.0 – 48.0
Ductility (15oC) min. cm 100 100 100 100
Loss on Heating maz. % (1) 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5
Retained Penetration aft er Heating min. % 80 80 75 (3) 70
Penetration Ratio adfter Heating maz. % (2) 110 110 - -
Loss of Weight after Thin Film Oven Test maz. % (1) 0.6 0.6 - -
Retained Penetration after Thin Film Oven Test min. % 55 50 - -
Solubility in Carbon Tetrachloride min. % 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.5
o
Flash Point (Cleaveland) min. C 260 260 210 210
Specific Gravity (25oC/25oC) min. 1.000 1.000 - -

Note :

1) In some cases, the test will be resulted in weight increase.

Penetratio n after heating withou any stirring of the sample
2) Penetration ratio after heating (%) =
Penetratio n after heating on the sample thoroughly stirred
3) It is desirable for asphalts having more than 47.5oC softening point, percentage of retained penetration exceeds 80.
4) As for asphalts of penetration grade 60 – 80 and 80 –100, it is necessary to inform the Kinematic-viscosity
measurement results at the temperature of 120 oC, 140oC, 160oC and 180oC respectively. For the penetration grades
100 – 120, 120 – 150, not only the viscosity-temperature relationship the specific gravity – temperature relationship is
also needed.