The document discusses different earthquake hazards such as ground shaking, ground rupture, liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, and what steps to take before, during, and after an earthquake occurs. Some of the main hazards outlined are ground shaking from seismic waves, liquefaction of loose sediments, and tsunamis generated by earthquakes under the sea. The document also provides guidance on preparing an emergency kit, securing heavy objects, and safety actions like dropping and taking cover during shaking and avoiding damaged areas after an earthquake.
The document discusses different earthquake hazards such as ground shaking, ground rupture, liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, and what steps to take before, during, and after an earthquake occurs. Some of the main hazards outlined are ground shaking from seismic waves, liquefaction of loose sediments, and tsunamis generated by earthquakes under the sea. The document also provides guidance on preparing an emergency kit, securing heavy objects, and safety actions like dropping and taking cover during shaking and avoiding damaged areas after an earthquake.
The document discusses different earthquake hazards such as ground shaking, ground rupture, liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, and what steps to take before, during, and after an earthquake occurs. Some of the main hazards outlined are ground shaking from seismic waves, liquefaction of loose sediments, and tsunamis generated by earthquakes under the sea. The document also provides guidance on preparing an emergency kit, securing heavy objects, and safety actions like dropping and taking cover during shaking and avoiding damaged areas after an earthquake.
The document discusses different earthquake hazards such as ground shaking, ground rupture, liquefaction, landslides, tsunamis, and what steps to take before, during, and after an earthquake occurs. Some of the main hazards outlined are ground shaking from seismic waves, liquefaction of loose sediments, and tsunamis generated by earthquakes under the sea. The document also provides guidance on preparing an emergency kit, securing heavy objects, and safety actions like dropping and taking cover during shaking and avoiding damaged areas after an earthquake.
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Hazards
Earthquake -any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Earthquake hazard
-is anything associated with
an earthquake that may affect the normal activities of people. 1. Ground shaking Ground shaking describes the vibration of the ground during an earthquake.
Effects: Damage or collapse of
structure; may consequently cause hazards such as liquefaction and landslide. 2. Ground rupture Surface rupture or ground rupture is the visible offset of the ground surface when an earthquake rupture along a fault affects the Earth's surface.
Effects: Fissuring; displacement of the
ground due to movement of the fault. Examples:
(Surface rupture with folding due
(Surface rupture caused by to reverse faulting along normal faulting along the Chelungpu Fault during the Lost River Fault, during the 1999 Jiji earthquake, Taiwan) the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake) 3. Liquefaction takes place when loosely packed, water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to strong ground shaking.
Effects: Sinking and / or tilting of
structure above it; sandboil; fissuring Example:
(Liquefaction in Christchurch, New
Zealand, during the 2011 earthquake resulted in a layer of fine sand on the street.) 4. Earthquake-induced ground subsidence is the sinking or settling of the ground surface.
Effects: Buildings are weakened and
collapse, railway lines and roads are twisted and broken, and underground sewer, power, and water lines are torn apart. 5. Tsunami -is a series of ocean waves that sends surges of water, sometimes reaching heights of over 100 feet (30.5 meters), onto land. Example:
(A tsunami reaches Miyako City,
overtopping seawalls and flooding streets in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, after the magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck the area March 11, 2011.) 6. Earthquake-induced landslide is the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of land caused by an earthquake. Effects: Erosion; burial and blockage of roads and rivers. Example:
(This building hangs over the head
scarp of a landslide in decomposed bedrock that was triggered by the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Several homes were buried and over 30 people killed by the landslide.) What Should I Do Before, During, And After An Earthquake? Activity 3 Groups will act or explain what to do Before, During, and After an Earthquake.
I. BEFORE II. DURING III. AFTER What to Do Before an Earthquake ? Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery-powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries at home.
Learn first aid.
Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity.
Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake. Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake.
Don't leave heavy objects on shelves (they'll
fall during a quake).
Anchor heavy furniture, cupboards, and
appliances to the walls or floor.
Learn the earthquake plan at your school or
workplace. What to Do During an Earthquake? Stay calm! If you're indoors, stay inside. If you're outside, stay outside. If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the center of the building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under heavy furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from windows and outside doors. If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power lines or anything that might fall. Stay away from buildings (stuff might fall off- the building or the building could fall on you).
Don't use matches, candles, or any flame..
If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside
the car until the earthquake stops.
Don't use elevators (they'll probably get
stuck anyway). What to Do After an Earthquake? Check yourself and others for injuries. Provide first aid for anyone who needs it. Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any are damaged, shut off the valves. Check for the smell of gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors, leave immediately, and report it to the authorities (use someone else's phone). Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an emergency. Stay out of damaged buildings. Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots or sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your feet. Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you). Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after the ground has stopped shaking. Stay away from damaged areas. If you're at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in charge. Expect aftershocks Quiz Modified TRUE or FALSE.
1. Ground shaking describes the vibration of
the ground before an earthquake.
2. Tsunami takes place when loosely packed,
water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to strong ground shaking.
3. If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside the
car until the earthquake stops. 4. Stay out of damaged buildings after an earthquake.
5. Leave heavy objects on shelves.
6. If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the
center of the building during an earthquake.
II.
1. - 2. Before an Earthquake
3. – 5. During an Earthquake
6. – 8. After an Earthquake Answer Modified TRUE or FALSE.
1. Ground shaking describes the vibration of
the ground before an earthquake.
2. Tsunami takes place when loosely packed,
water-logged sediments at or near the ground surface lose their strength in response to strong ground shaking.
3. If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside the
car until the earthquake stops. TRUE 4. Stay out of damaged buildings after an earthquake. TRUE
5. Leave heavy objects on shelves.
6. If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the
center of the building during an earthquake . TRUE
