Microwave relay communication

and transmit project design

Shanghai ZTE microwave integration

department:wanshengqian

2005 。 8 。 8
DIFFERENT TRANSMISSION METHODS

Coaxial cable

Radio link

MUX MUX

Satellite

Fiber-optics cable
§1 。 Microwave relay communication
Microwave is a frequency of radio wave 。 It’s frequency range from
： 300MHz--300GHz 。 In this range ， frequency is higher ， wavelength
is lower(1m － 0.1mm), attenuation is more when transmission is along
the ground ， the capability is lower when it faces a barrier ， does not
echo when delivery is in the ionosphere 。 So ， radio wave can only
transmit in straight lines of site. If we want transmit signal from one to
another relay is the only choice .
Frequency for microwave ： 300MHZ ～ 300GHZ
Wavelength ： 1m~1mm
Subband ： UHF: 0.3-1.12G X ： 8.2-12.4G S ： 2.6-3.95 G Ka:26.5-40G
C ： 3.95-5.85G U: 40-60G L: 1.12-1.7G KU ： 12.4-18G
LS ： 1.7-2.6 G K: 18-26G XC ： 5.85-8.2G

LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF

microwave

 10Km 1Km 100m 10m 1m 10cm 1cm 1mm

f 30KHz 300KHz 3MHz 30MHz 300MHz 3GHz 30GHz 300GHz
一、 Microwave relay communication
• Radio link structure
Each station both can uplink and downlink information ， can
communicate with any station in the network 。 If each the station is
connected with the MSC ， So all user can communicate with each
other.
The radio link propagation follows the line of sight: it requires a perfect clearing between transmitting
and receiving antennas. The propagation medium is made of the lower layers of the atmosphere
(a few meters to a few hundred of meters above ground)

The non homogeneity of the atmosphere influences the waves propagation:

1°) Path curvature
2°) Reflecting, diverging, focusing intermittent events
System table

Local Wiring Branch Site

Radio link
PNMS

C
F

B
D

Repeater Site
E
Terminal Site
二、 Attributes of Digital Microwave
The signal which transmit by microwave is digital
signal ， So it both have digital and microwave’s attributes 。
1 。 Rapid deployment over difficulty terrain 。
2 。 Economical 。
3 。 High route security 。
4. Network simplicity and flexibility .
5. Robust to fading and interference.
6. highly efficient data and broadband transport

PABX

PABX

Router
三、 Channel selection
• 1 。 Channel divide

useable frequency divide by some channel ， As

follows In the table f1, f2,…fn and f1′, f2′,…fn′ is the
center frequency of each channel ， such as f1 is down
channel ， the other is up channel 。
The suggestion of microwave relay communication by
CCIR is at 283-4,382-2,384-3,385-2,386-2,387-3 和 492-2 中。

频段宽度

相邻波道间隔 收发间隔 相邻频段保护间隔

m

频段中心频率
f1 f2 f3 fn f0 f1' f2' f3' fn'

波道划分示意图
FREQUENCY SHIFT BETWEEN CHANNELS

CAPACITY MODULATION DEVIATION

1800 channels MF 140 kHz rms/channel  30 MHz

ANALOG
2700 channels MF 140 kHz rms/channel  40 MHz

30 channels 2 Mbit/s 4 PSK 3.5 MHz

120 channels 8 Mbit/s 4 PSK 7 MHz

4 QAM 30 MHz
DIGITAL 480 channels 34 Mbit/s
16 QAM 14 MHz

16 QAM 40 MHz
1920 channels 140 Mbit/s
64 QAM 30 MHz
2 。 Rule of channel selection
Generally ， two channel couple is needed when constructing a new trunk
， channel need added at the across 。 Otherwise system disturbance will be
produced ， consequently it will difficult to communicate.
a 。 When the radio link have same route link or link close to each other ， keep
away from this scenario is the best choice 。 If we have calculated the
disturbance is little and space is enough ， we can use the same channel ， but
polarization must different 。
b 。 When we have across link ， if across angle is lessen than 30° ， treat as
in (a) ； if across angle is more than 60 ° ， so we select the channel which have
to used in order to save frequency source
c 。 In order to avoid disturbance ， the fourth station can’t be in the extended
line of the first and second ， the arrangement of polarization is H,V,V 。
d 。 Frequency selection must avoid that which used by local radar and
satellite 。
e.The frequency used should
f1 be authorized by regulating government agency.

f1 f2 f1
高 H 低 H 高 V 低
两频制时的越站干扰

克服越站干扰的方法
四、 Classify of microwave station
1 。 Communication structure

终端站
分支终端站

终端站

枢纽站 中继站

中继站

2 。 CLASSIFY 微波通信系统组成示意图
a 。 Classify by station type
Terminal station ： At the end of radio link ， only can
communication in one way 。
Relay station ： Between two station of radio link ， can
communication in two way.
Hinge station ： In the centre of radio link ， can
communication in three way 。
b 。 Classify by frequency
High station ： receive frequency higher than send 。
Low station ： receive frequency lower than send.
MICROWAVE RADIO LINK

Hop Hop Hop

NO.1 NO.2 No.n

or

TX/Rx TX/Rx TX/Rx TX/Rx

Terminal Relay station Relay station Terminal

Station (Active) (Passive) Station

Cable Radio link Cable

Distance between the transmitter and the receiver, some km < D < 100 km

Availability and quality are depending on distance according I.T.U.R. rules

五、 Microwave equipment
a 。 Structure pange table
Antennas
TX Rx
(Modulator )

UP PWR BR
Source encode TX BB MOD
CONV AMP CKT

SYN

DOWN BR
RX decode RX BB DEM LNA
CONV CKT

(Demodulator )

Base band
UHF/SHF
IF

BB : Base band

IF : Intermediate Frequency

UHF : Ultra-High Frequency (300 - 3000 MHz)

SHF : Super-High Frequency (3000 - 30.000 MHz)

MICROWAVE LINK STRUCTURE
RADIO-RELAY STATION - PROTECTION

Lightning rod

Power panel
MV lightning diverter
HV line
Iron structure connected
HV lightning to ground network

Transformer

MV circuit-breaker Fence

Ground network Tower ground

b 。 MAIN FEATURE
1 。 Output power (dB m) Pt ： the power of tx which
decided by path distance ,use purpose of equipment and so
on 。
2 。 Frequency stability of tx ： the ratio of fact tx
frequency and standard work frequency 。
3 。 Branch loss of TX (dB) Lf: Loss between TXand
transmission line 。
4 。 Rx signal (dB m) Pth: the lowest rx signal of receiver
5 。 Frequency stability of receiver ： the stability of receiver’s
self frequency 。
6 。 Receiver branch loss Ls ： the RF signal come from
transmission line to receiver 。
7. Capacity: 1 4 8 16 155
TRT PRODUCTS

ADM 155 Mbit/s

2/34 Mbit/s PDH Tx/Rx
155 CMI

4
34,268 Mbit/s 3 140 Mbit/s
2 TN4 Tx/Rx
1 CMI

4
8,448 Mbit/s 3 34 Mbit/s
2 TN3 Tx/Rx
1 HDB3
or 16x2 Mbit/s

4
2,048 Mbit/s 3 8 Mbit/s
2 TN2 Tx/Rx
1 HDB3
or 4x2 Mbit/s

30
2 Mbit/s
64 kbit/s TN1 Tx/Rx
1 HDB3
4x2 Mbit/s
六、馈线系统

微波通信馈线系统组成示意图

接设备 接设备

The line from receiver branch system to transmit

antenna ， we called transmission line 。
1 。 The requirement of transmission ： loss must
lower ； b restrict energy ， prevent radiate 。
2 。 Type of transmission line ： a 。 Coaxial line ；
b 。 Empty waveguide
3 。 Main feature ： loss of each meter dB/m
 ELLIPTICAL WAVEGUIDES

Use: outdoor installation (pressurized waveguides)

plastic envelop

Semi-rigid brass elliptical waveguide

Length:
120 meters
Loss: useful formula for
standard waveguides

A.dB/meter  F Ghz
100
七、 ANTENNA
20lgP(¦ Θ
)
a 0 Δθ

-5

-10

-15

-20

-25

10 5 0 5 10 θ
抛物面天线原理示意图
抛物面方向示意图

1 。 Action of antenna ： receive or send radio wave which bring

information
2 。 Main feature:
a. Half power angle ： at antenna direct map ， The angle relative to
principal axis direction which is the half power 。
Δ θ ＝ 1.03λ/D(radian) λ: wav legth D: antenna
diameter
b. Gain ： in the case the same intensity electric produce at space ，
The ratio between Ideal input power and fact input power 。
G=4πD/(λ. λ) η D: diameter λ ： wave length η ： using coefficient
PARABOLIC ANTENNAS

Parabolic High performance

+ Skirt + Radome
reflector antenna
(Reduction of backward
and side-lobe radiation > 15 dB)
Radôme

R
Site and
azimuth
TRT
orientation

2R 2
Polar. H
Polar. V
Gain = 10 log 0.55 ( )
3 dB  58 /R (uniform illumination)
Polarization decoupling H/V, XPD  30 dB
Radiation Pattern Envelop of Antenna
Radiation Pattern Envelop of Antenna
Antenna Performance
八、 IRON
TOWER
REQUIREMENT ：
1 。 Antenna heights requirement ， accord with the rule of
air department ， in the peak of tower have aviation symbol 。
2 。 Have enough intension 。 Can endure load build on it
(such as wind 、 rain 、 snow) ， the swing angle at the location
of antenna less thanΔθ/2(Δθis antenna half power angle) 。
3Grounding resistanceless than 5Ohm 。 lightning rod must
build in the top 。

name spec Net weight （ KG ）

WTG03-71DAR 0.3m 11.5
WTG06-71DAR 0.6m 14
WTG12-71DAR 1.2m 43
WTG16-71DAR 1.6m 68
WTG20-71DAR 2.0m 117
WTG25-71DAR 2.5m 190
WTG32-71DAR 含边罩 ( 前馈 ) 3.2m 280
§2 。 Radio wave transmit
一、 Radio wave transmit in the free space
Free space is a perfect infinity vacuum space 。 Radio
wave cannot bring reflecting 、 refraction 、 and dispersion
1 。 Transmit loss of free
space
When radio transmit in free space ， loss will cause Distance
more far ， energy received less 。 The fade caused by radio
wave transmit is called free space loss 。 The formula is ：

L0  92.4  20 lg d (km)  20 lg f (GHz )

f  工作频率，GHz
2 。 RX Signal in free space
Pro  Pt  (Gt  Gt )  ( Lt  Lr )  LEr  L0
Pt  发信机输出功率， dBm; Lr、Lt  分别为收、发馈线损耗， dB;
G t、G t  分别为收、发天线的增益，dB; L Er  分路系统的损耗，dB;
In fact ， the space which radio wave transmit by I not free
space 。 In this course ， reflect caused by ground ， dispersion
by particle of the atmosphere ， In a word ， the medium and
object on the circuitry will bring influence for the range and
phase of radio wave 。
二、 Attenuation feature of radio wave transmit
1 。 ATTENUATION
The irregularly change of receiver 。
a). classify by attenuation mechanism 。
dispersion 、 K type 、 channel and mix .mostly factor is
refractive index is changed with time ,location ,heights ， in a word
： attenuation have someth with terrain and time

b). Classify by attenuation time 。

Quick attenuation ： The duration is several ms— a small s 。
Slow attenuation ： The duration is seconds to hours
c). Classify by eletricity calm
up attenuation ： receive calm more than in free space 。
down attenuation ： receive calm less than in free space

2 。 Change rule of attenuation

a). Frequency more higher ， path distance more
longer ， attenuation Is more serious 。
b). nighttime is more serious than daytime ， summer is more
serious than winter 。
c). sunshine 、 windless is more than cloudy 、 rain day
 d) 。 circuitry on water is more serious than on land 。
e) 。 circuitry on plain is more serious than hill 。
f) 。 when sun sunrise and sundown ， fade is serious 。
3 。 the product mechanism of attenuation
a) absorb by atmosphere
any physical molecule is make up of particle ， each
particle have it’s frequency ， when the frequency across
is near it’s self ， so resonate absorb is
produced 。 Statistics indicate atmosphere absorb can
ignore when frequency blow 12GHz ， absorb blow 1dB 。

10dB

1dB

0.1dB

大气对微波吸收曲线图(dB/Km)
0.01dB
60GHz 23GHz 12GHz 7.5GHz 1GHz
b). Fade of rain
The little rain drop can cause dispersion to radio wave 。
statistics indicate ： rain and fog have little effect to
10GHz micro wave ,but have great effect to micro wave above
10GHz ， rainfall different have much effect to micro wave ，
Even cause communicate break 。
c) 。 attenuation by dispersion
This margin is caused by press of atmosphere 、 the
particle formative by temperature humidity different with
all round ， so dispersion is caused 。

闪烁衰落示意图
d) 。 Fade of k
it’s caused by multipath transmit, it’s caused by
stright and ground reflect which arrived at
receiver ,phase is different 。。
when circuitry design ， should avoid circuitry
across great water and open plain 。

K型衰落示意图
e) 。 Fade of channel
effect by climate ， such ground burnt in the day ， cool in
night 。 When radio wave across refraction caused 。

克服波导型衰落示意图

波导型衰落示意图
克服波导型衰落示意图

f ）。 mixed fade
Involve of k fade ,channel fade ， atmosphere fade 。
三、 Ways of avoid fade
when fade is caused ， SRN is lower ， deep fade may
cause communication break 。 In order to make sure
transmit quality and reliability ， must adopt some
measure to avoid fade 。
1 。 Frequency diversity
Frequency diversity is which adopt two or more
frequency which have a distance send and receive the
same signal at the same time ， next compose or select
lighting the effect of fade 。
disadvantage is effect better ， only need one couple of
antenna 。 But frequency have not make full use of 。
requirement for frequency ： frequency relativity is little 。

0.8 f
I   10 Fd / 10
f *d f
式中： Δf/f- 两个频率之差与中心频率的比值。
公式中其它参数的取值范围如下：
2GHz≤f≤11GHz; 30km≤d≤70km; Δf/f≤5 ％ .
超出这个范围将导致误差。该公式仅仅对于 I≥5 有效。
 REAR VIEW
Antenna
ODU #1 ODU #2

ODU x2
Hybrid

Hybrid
IF Cable

to ODU #1

to ODU #2

1+1 IDU
 Antenna
RF CABLE CONNECTION

Hybrid

ODU #1 RF Coaxial Cable

ODU #2
IF Cable

1+1 IDU
 2 。 SPACE DIVERSITY
Diversity is that one frequency received by two or more antenna which
is not the same size, next copose or select a stronger signal 。
The advance of frequency diversity is can improve
effect ， economic frequency 。 But equipment complex ,need tow
couple antenna is it’s disadvantage.
The key of space diversity is make sure two couple of antenna is
V  G1  G 2
appropriate, altitude difference is enough 、 so antenna can work in
reverse phasic when decline is appear ， now the decline can avoid 。
p  平均最坏月份的衰落概率；
 
I  1  exp  3.34  10 4  S0.87 F0.12d 0.48  p 1.04   10( FdV ) /10
Fd- 衰落概率为 P 时对应的衰落深度， db.

p2 p1
两重分集接收示意图
SPACE DIVERSITY

Principle
Climatic reflection
N R1 (F1)
h1
hm F1

to 150 
d  100
h1 N R2 (FI)
h2

Path F1 F1 Receivers
equalization
h2

dB

Combineur

Combined IF output
Two operating modes:
1 - minimum distorsion for an high level received
2 - maximum power for a weak level received ( - 65 dBm)
Main Antenna
SPACE DIVERSITY SYSTEM

ODU #1

IF Cable
Div. Antenna

ODU #2

1+1 IDU
Main Antenna SPACE DIVERSITY SYSTEM

RF Coaxial Cable

ODU #1

Div. Antenna

IF Cable

ODU #2

1+1 IDU
 3 。 Angle diversity
Angle diversity use the same antenna send the same signal with
θ ， use two antenna receive main signal at receive side 。
the feature is ： two main wave received are different ， effect
is better , but complex 。

角度分集原理示意图
4 。 Polarization diversity
IT’S using the same antenna send the same signal with two
polarization ， one antenna receive polarization signal at receive side
， next composed 。
5 。 Mix diversity
combination with frequency diversity and space diversity ，
 5 。 Avoid reflection by terrain
by the best design of antenna heights ， reflection wave avoid
or in the ground which reflectance is little 。
statistics feature of fade
stat indicate ， margin and terrain have relate with path
length 。 Terrain and path length different ， margin is different 。

1 。 Path distance d
The rule is ： d more longer ， Attenuation is more ； d more shorter ，
Attenuation is lessen 。 so ， the relay distance relay on the parameter of the
equipment such as ， work frequency 、 terrain 、 climate 、 antenna heights and
some test data 。 generally ， the region which transmit condition is better ， D can
be longer ； otherwise ， D can’t be too long 。
Besides ， also should calculate D too long or too short will bring receive
electric calm is too high or too low 。 Receive signal above normal 。 Receive
signal blow normal 。 Two case can bring error code increase ， sometime
communication will break 。
so ， when have no fade circuitry design must enable the
difference between receiver signal an normal less than
6dB 。 2 。 profile
Relay on terrain, climate, antenna heights ， the profile
can divided four type ：
A(HILL) ： It’s made up of hill ,building, no rain and lake 。 The
reflectance is less than 0.5 。
 B hill 。 The profile is make up of hill which is not toobig ， have no big river and
lake 。 The reflectance of this circuitry blow 0.7 ， the receive electric calm bring up
by ground reflect is less than 10 DB
C plain 。 The profile is make up of flat ,water 。
The profile is which more plain or water ， reflectance is more than 0.7 。 The rx
signal decline than 10db is caused by ground reflect 。 Water more ， the multipath
fade is more serious by atmosphere asymmetry 。
D sea 。 Make up of sea ， most above the water 。 The attenuation caused by
atmosphere asymmetry is more serious of this kind circuitry which is the badly
circuitry transmit for radio wave 。
The mission of microwave circuitry design is ： avoid the profile of
c 、 D ， select A 、 B 。 If difficulty to implement ， so need add diversity and
protect,or select the equipment which have resist mutipath 。
3 。 Stat rule of attenuation
After great test and sat ， the attenuation of microwave rule with ruilin
distributing 。 It’s feature is quick and deep 。 When the rule used in
microwave communication ， in the view of condition of transmit ， the
formula is ：
PR  k1Qf d B c

P  PN  10  Fd / 10
§3 。 TRANSMIT PROJECT DESIGN
Design is at the base of reconnaissance the tool need is :
1. GPS satellite receiver 1
2. compass 1
3. ruler 30 M
4. 1/50000 Relief map
5. Magnifier 1
6. Pencil, Eraser
7. Frequency chart 1
8. Microwave transmitter 1
9, Test antenna 2side
In microwave circuitry design ， two work is important ， one is select suit antenna
heights ； the other is calculate by circuitry break rate ， decided the configure of
equipment and frequency 。
一、 Design of antenna heights
The newly contract circuitry ， antenna heights is an inportant factor of
communication 。 If antenna heights is not suitably ， the equipment is advanced ， also
difficulty to get better quality of communication 。
The design of antenna heights ， the most is control the spare of circuitry ， make
sure reflect wave is avoid or reflect point is at the ground which k is small.
1 。 Spare atandard
K ＝ Kmin Hc/F1≥0.3 for the barrier like knife k=0
K ＝ 4/3 Hc/F1≥0.6
K ＝∞ Hc/F1<1.35
when calculate spare ， the heights of building and tree on the circuitry I
also consider 。
Select of circuitry work point

Vdb
6
0

-10

-20

-30

-40 Hc/F1= n
-1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
0.577 1.414

衰落与余隙关系曲线图

A
M
h 3
h c B
h 1
h p
h s
h 5

h 2
h 4 h 6

d 1
d 2
d
2 。 Requirement of near antenna region
a) 。 paraboloid antenna
widen terrain
1m antenna antenna heights is 4.1m
1.5m antenna antenna heights is 6.2m
2m antenna antenna heights is 8.3m
3.2m antenna
20°
antenna heights is 13.2m

D
20°

10D

17.1*D*D/λ

线近场区要求示意图
b) 。对全向天线

<50m <50m

全向天线近场区净空要求示意图
 3 。 calculate of reflect point
the purpose of calculate reflect point is control it’s location,
adjust by antenna heights ， avoid reflect point on water or the
region which reflectance is height 。
generally ， improve the stability need avoid the line of reflect
①Smoothly ground
h1

h2
d1 d2
h1 h2
d1= h1+h2 D d2= h1+h2 D D=d1+d2
 ②terrain of sphericity

h1

d1

h2
d2

d1  d / 2  2 q cos( / 3  240 ) ( km)

  cos 1 (  / q q ) q  (d 2 / 12)  8.5K ( h1  h 2 ) / 4

  6.37 Kd( h 2  h1 ) / 4
We can draw conclusion from above formula ： reflect pointd1(d2)is
the function of antenna heights ， control antenna heights ， the reflect
point is also control ； reflect point also is the function of k ， the value of k
is change with terrain ， so reflect point also is a region ； the purpose of
antenna heights design is avoid reflect region in the region of reflectance 。
 二、 Break rate of circuitry
circuitry design ， high error code is the design feature 。
Because if high error code is satisfy ， the lower also can
satisfy.
1 。 reference circuitry
Suggestion by CCIR ， for digital link and circuitry which
capacity is 64k ， the longest circuitry can
reach27500Km ， make up by three grade channel ， as follow
chart 。
64kb/s 端局 交换局 交换局 端局 64kb/s

用户级 中 级 高 级 中 级 用户级

27500km数字信道假想参考电路

The total length of highness digital channel is

2500km ， main application is international and inter
trunk 。 Intermediate is 1250km ， main application is
inter branch 。 The customer channel is 50km ， main
apply in local digital switch and links between 64kb/s
customer 。
2 。 Digital microwave channel feature
①high circuitry (2500km)
The time which in any month one second’s error rate than 1×E-3
less than 0.054﹪
②middle circuitry(1250km)
The time which in any month one second’s error rate than
1×E-3 less than 0.04﹪.
③consumer circuitry(50km)
The time which in any month one second’s error rate than 1×E-
3 less than 0.015﹪
3 。 Target assign
Consider relay path is different ， the longer is more easy to
break 。 So ， CCIR930 suggest the break feature should assign
to every sect ：
high D
Pe   0.054%
circuitry 2500
Middle D
Pe   0.04%
circuitry 1250

Consumer circuitry 0 。 015 ％

三、 Common circuitry calculate
①.Location selection and route profile 。
The hill and mountain forest which altitude difference more is the
best choice for route selection ， one side higher ， the other
lower ， shape “high—low” model circuitry ， the better is have hill
which up and down but can’t avoid line of sight ， the profile is
indentation, so the radio wave avoided reflection decline. the location
satisfy that case ， close the place which living ,traffic ,power is
convenient as possible ， in order to maintenance ， economic invest
。
Many other factors should be consider , such as disturb by route 、
radar 。 Thunder in the region should also be consider ,lightning rod
should build.
②Relay on profile data ,draw profile map ， according to
spare stand to decide antenna heights 。
Follow question must attentive ： the circuitry reflect
more ， adjust antenna heights avoid reflect or reflect point at
the ground reflectance is small 。
③antenna azimuth angle
设A点的经度为1，纬度为1；B点的经度为2，纬度为 2，则
 A  tg 1sin 2  1  / cos 1tg 2  sin 1 cos 2  1  
 ④. Transmit attenuation in free space
L0  92.4  20 lg( D  f )

⑤. RX signal of free space

Pr  Pt  Gt  Gr  ( L ft  L fr )  ( Lbt  Lbr )  L 0
⑥.Average margin
P
F  Pr  Fth
Pr

Pth

The conclusion drew from that chart is ： fade reserve

more ， the possibility of incept calm decline to limited is
less 。 So add margin reserve can improve system
feature 。 The way add such as increase the output power
transmitter ， increase gain of antenna
 ⑦.calculate the probability of circuitry breaken
P总＝ P平＋ P选＋ P干 P  K1Qf Bd c  10  Fd / 10
Path condition KQ B C

Mountain(Re0.5) 1.072×10-4 1 1.30

Hill(0.5Re0.7) 2.75×10-5 1 1.80

Plain(Re0.7) 2.884×10-5 1 2.20

Sea 2.630×10-6 1 3.20

⑧.calculate the value of circuitry target

d
Pp   0.04%
1250
⑨.Calculate target Spare
P
M  10 lg p
P总
IF M>3dB Proper
IF M<3dB Inproper
adjust output power 、 increase antenna 、 add 分集
、 shorten path distance
The link frequency above 10GHz ， rain Attenuation should
calculate ， in order to meet the performance 。
After the spare of link performance is enough ， the work
such as equipment frequency configure should take out
四、 Equipment configuration
• At the case of power is decided, the size of antenna is the main
factor which is lie on path distance , generally require loss
above 30--35dBm 。 When the terrain is plain,the rule of
antenna configuration is :
• path distance Km diameter m diameter m
• <10Km 0.6 0.6
• 10<D<16 0.6(1.2) 1.2(0.6)
• 16<D<25 1.2 1.2
• 25<D<30 1.5(1.2) 1.2(1.5)
• 30<D<36 1.5 1.5
• 36<D<40 1.5(2.0) 2.0(1.5)
• 40<D<45 2.0 2.0
• 45<D<48 2.4(2.0) 2.0(2.4)
• 48<D<50 2.4 2.4
• If profile is better ,such as hill and mountainous, so diameter
can minish ;if profile is water ,so need enhance .