Clinical Teaching

Prepared by
Jenisha Adhikari
B.Sc Nursing 4th Year
 Content
• Definition
• Purpose
• Principle
• Criteria for clinical teaching
• Difference between class and clinical teaching
• Model of clinical teaching
• Factor influencing clinical teaching
• Clinical teaching methods
• Clinical learning cycle
• Role of clinical instructor
• Responsibility of clinical instructor
Clinical teaching
 Definition
Clinical teaching is an individualized
or group teaching to the nursing
student in the clinical area by the
nurse educators, staff and
clinical nurse manager.
In preparation of professional practice, the
clinical setting is the place where the students
come in contact with patient or consumer for
the purpose of testing theories and learning
skill
• Teaching in clinical setting is a challenge that
is different from those encountered in the class
room
• Like any other skill based profession, nursing
also requires the development of relationship
between theory and practice
 Defintion
“ Clinical teaching is vehicle that provides
students with opportunity to translate basic
theoretical knowledge into learning of variety
of intellectual and psychomotor skills needed
to provide patient – centered quality nursing
care.”
- Schweer
 Purpose of clinical teaching
1. To provide individualized care in a
systematic, holistic approach
2. To develop high technical competent skills
3. To practice various procedure
4. To collect and analyze the data
 Contd…
5. To develop communication skills and maintain
interpersonal relationship
6. To maintain high standard of nursing practice
to become independent enough to practice
nursing
7. To develop, cognitive, affective and
psychomotor skills
 Contd ….
8. To learn various diagnostic procedures
9. To learn various skill in giving health
education technique to the client
10. To develop proficiency and efficiency in
carrying out various procedure
 Principles of clinical teaching
• Clinical education should reflect the nature of
professional practice
• Clinical teaching is supported by
climate of mutual trust and respect
• Clinical teaching and learning should
focus on essential knowledge, skill and
attitude
 GUIDELINES FOR SELECTION OF
CLINICAL TEACHING METHODS

• Must be appropriate to objectives and desired

behavioral changes.
• Must be in accordance with principles of
learning.
• Must be in accordance with the capacity of
the student.
 Contd.
• Must be in accordance with availability of
resources.
• Must be in accordance with the teacher’s
ability to use it effectively and creatively.
Difference between class room and clinical
teaching
CLASS ROOM TEACHING CLINICAL TEACHING
•Large group •Small group
•No focus on patient •Focus on patient
•Knowledge •Application of knowledge
•Theoretical framework •Clinical reasoning
•Teacher/students ratio is •Teacher / students ratio
large is small
•Passive students •Active students
•Less interactive •More interactive
 Models of clinical teaching
• Traditional model
• Preceptor model
• Associated / Partnership model
 FACTORS INFLUENCING CLINICAL
TEACHING
• Group interaction skills
•Clinical supervision skill
•Clinical competence and professionalism
•Knowledge and analytical ability.
•Organization and clarity of presentation
•Enthusiasm and stimulation of interest
 Clinical teaching method
– Bedside clinic
– Nursing rounds
– Nursing shift reports
– Nursing care conferences
– Demonstration
– Nursing care studies
 Contd
– Process recording
– Laboratory method
– Nursing assignment
– Field trip
Bedside clinic
 Definition
It is a method of clinical teaching which is
carried out by either the group visits the
patient or the patient is brought to the
conference room in order to study problems
associated with a particular disease or
disorder
 Contd..
• Always ensure the presence of the patient.
• Patients with typical diseases are selected.
 Uses of bedside clinic
• To show the sign and symptoms related to a
particular condition
• To demonstrate a significant nursing situation
• To show how nursing problem have been
solved
 Phase

Introduction phase

Patient centered discussion

Post clinic evaluation

 Advantages
• It puts the student in an active actual situation
• Develop skills in collecting information from
authentic source
• Develop tactfulness diplomacy needed to get
information from the patient
• Develop skills in problem solving, decision
making an organizing
• Permits comparison between reality and theory
 Disadvantages
• Sometimes put patient in a difficult situation
Nursing round
 Definition
A tour of patient’s bedside area made by a small
group of staff and students, not more than 7 or
8 for the purpose of clinical learning and
instructional purpose
 Types

Instructional Information giving

Round round
 Uses of nursing rounds
• To demonstrate clinical manifestation that
needs nursing intervention
• To study patient’s response to disease
conditions
• To demonstrate the effect of therapeutic
treatment
 Contd..
• To illustrate skillful nursing care
• To have better understanding of patient’ s
needs in order to provide better care to patient
 Advantages
• Puts the students in actual live situation where
patient responds and acts as a stimulus
variable
• Students have options to select specific case or
problem that interest them and plan proper
nursing care
 Contd ..
• It provides opportunity to reinforce the
theoretical knowledge through its application
in a real patient
• Increases learning ability
 Disadvantages
• Only applicable for small group of students
• Require careful planning
Nursing shift report
 Definition
• Nursing care reports are written or oral
summary of the nursing actions taken in
relation to patient’s care
 Guideline for writing reports

• It should be clear and concise but include all

necessary information
• The report should be well organized for easy
understanding
• For report to be complete and meaningful, it
should include the date and time, the people
concerned the situation and the signature of
report writer
 Advantages
• It aids in studying health condition
• It shows the progress in reaching goals
• Provides quality and continuity of work from
one shift to another
 Disadvantage

• Wrong or invalid data in the report may lead

to faulty interpretation of patient’s condition
Nursing care conference
 Definition
“Nursing Care Conference is defined as the
process in which group discussion is made
using problem solving techniques to determine
the ways of providing care for the patients
to whom students are assigned as
part of their clinical experience”
 Types
• Group conference • Individual conference
 Group conference
• Is a small group teaching method
• Allows student to participate actively ,
explaining their own experience
• Develop problem solving skills, team building
skills and ability to express themselves
 Individual conference
• Focuses on the overall development of
individual student
• It mainly deals with the student nursing care
ability , level of performance achievements
and assignments related to the clinical
experience
 Advantages
•Sharpens the critical thinking
•Helps the students to know about their progress
and hence boosts their self confidence.
• Develop problem solving skills
 Disadvantages
• Time consuming
• Conflict of opinion
Demonstration
 Definition
•  Demonstration teaches by “Exhibition &
explanation ”
• It trains the students in the art of careful
observation
 Types
• Planned • Unplanned
• Involves preliminary • Uncommon treatment
preparation, occur in the ward that
introduction, procedure can be demonstrated if
and follow up not emergency
 Advantages
• Activates senses
• Opportunity for observation and learning
• Creates interest by use of illustration
• Correlate theory and practice
 Disadvantages
• Expensive
• Time consuming
Nursing care study
 Definition
Method which focuses on information and facts
about patient, the disease condition , social and
personal history and the application of this
knowledge in rendering nursing care
• Student selects one patient for intensive study
• Students are given opportunity to take care of
the patients, study their treatment modalities
until they are discharged
 Advantages
• Students learn problem-solving approach.
• Report acts as reference material for students
• Evaluate patient’s progress
Process recording
 Definition

It is a written account or verbatim recording of

all that transpired during and immediately
following the nurse-patient interaction
 Advantages
• Improve the quality of nurse – patient
interaction
• Gain competency in interpreting and
synthesizing raw data under supervision
• Increase observational skills
Process recording in earlier
period

Process recording in
modern period
Laboratory method
 Definition
• Laboratory is a part of clinical teaching that offers
students with the opportunities to apply their
theoretical knowledge or previous learning into
practice in a controlled situation under guidance and
supervision where there is no client.
 Advantages
• Increase students participation
• Prepare students for actual situation
• Clarify doubts and queries regarding to
demostration
 Disadvantages
• Budget
• Time consuming
• Lack of apparatus
Nursing assignment
 Definition
• It is the part of learning experiences where the
students are assigned with patient or other
activities concerning to patient in clinical
laboratory.
Methods of assignments in patient care

• Functional method
• Team method
• Primary care
• Functional method
Nurses are assigned specific functions
such as administering medications, monitoring
vital signs etc
• Team method
In this method a group of patients are
looked after by nursing team, comprised of
nursing staff and student nurse
• Primary care
In this type is a single nurse is assigned
the responsibility for the care of each patient
from time the patient is admitted to the
hospital till the patient is discharge.
 Advantages
• Time efficient
Field trip
 Definition
• It’s a well organized trip from a usual place
for teaching purpose
 Purpose of field trip
• The field trip must be planned to meet specific
educational objectives
• Have list of all candidates, contact numbers of
people to be contacted in case of emergency &
special needs.
• Submit report on field visit and analyze. 
 Advantages
• Field trip gives natural stimulation and
motivates the learner to be more interactive
and creative.
•The monotony and boredom of classroom
teaching is eliminated through field trips
 Disadvantage
• If the field trip is not planned well with
specific learning objectives it will result in
wastage of teaching learning resources.
• Field trips are expensive.
• Safety and security of the students is a real
concern.
 Clinical learning cycle
Preparato
Follow upry theory
evaluation
Laborator
y

Debriefin
g

Briefing
Clinical
practice
 Role of clinical instructor

• Supporter
• Facilitator
• Challenger
• Manager
• Coordinator
• Observer
• Evaluator
• Expert
Responsibility of clinical instructor
• Set objective, standard for practice
• Develop evaluation tools
• Should take permission of the institute
• Prepare master rotation plan
• Set up the clinical area in an instead manner
• Keep ready equipment in working condition
to provide nursing care
 Contd…
• Direct and supervise the students
• Demonstrate nursing procedure on patient and
ask the students to re- demonstrate procedures
to develop skill and confidence
• Analyze the difficulties and guiding the
students accordingly
• Encourage, motivate and inspire students
 Contd.
• Maintain strict discipline
• Maintain student’s record eg. Duty schedule,
individual assignments, evaluation tools,
clinical teachings and performance of students
• Conduct individual with the students to solve
any problem arose and to meet their
professional and personal needs
• Supervise assignment like ward teaching class,
case study, health talks.
• Has to participate in faculty conference
• Focus attention of students upon the medical
and nursing problems of client to whom they
are assigned
• Assist students in preparing teaching plans. x
 Reference
• Singh Indira, Essentials of education A text
book for nurses and other health professional,
5th edition, Hisi offset printer Pvt. Ltd, page no
– 230-254
• http://www.crlt.umich.edu/publinks/occ1
• https://www.slideshare.net/jimcyjose/clinical-
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-b937-133c8252dea7&v=&b=&from_search=1
• https://www.slideshare.net/gangahealth/effec
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Thank you