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LAPLACE-TRANSFORMS

The Laplace transform is a method for solving differential equations and corresponding initial and boundary value problems. It is particularly useful for problems where the driving force has discontinuities or is periodic but not a simple sine or cosine function. The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral that takes the function, multiplies it by e-st, and integrates from 0 to infinity. The resulting function, F(s), is a function of s that represents the Laplace transform of f(t). Some important properties are that the Laplace transform is linear and that taking the Laplace transform of a shifted function adds the shift to the transform.

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89 views15 pages

LAPLACE-TRANSFORMS

The Laplace transform is a method for solving differential equations and corresponding initial and boundary value problems. It is particularly useful for problems where the driving force has discontinuities or is periodic but not a simple sine or cosine function. The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral that takes the function, multiplies it by e-st, and integrates from 0 to infinity. The resulting function, F(s), is a function of s that represents the Laplace transform of f(t). Some important properties are that the Laplace transform is linear and that taking the Laplace transform of a shifted function adds the shift to the transform.

Uploaded by

jaj jaja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Laplace

Transforms
• The Laplace transform is a method for solving differential
equations and corresponding initial and boundary value
problems. The method is widely used in engineering
mathematics, where it has numerous applications. It is
particularly useful in problems where the (mechanical or
electrical) driving force has discontinuities, for instance, acts for a
short time only, or is periodic but is not merely a sine or cosine
function.
1. Definition
 
Let be a given function which is defined for all t  0. We multiply by and
integrate with respect to from to Infinity. Then if the resulting integral exists, it is
a function of s, that is :

The function F (s) is called the Laplace Transform of  (t), and will be denoted by
thus
 
Examples:

1. Let , when t  0. Find

2. Let , when t  0., where is constant. Find


2. Linearity of the Laplace Transforms
 

Theorem 1
 
Example: 3
Let . Find
Solution:
Recall that:

then from Theorem 1


 
Using the formula derived from Example 2, we can solve it as

that is, when s > a,


 
Example: 4
Let . Find
 
Solution:
From definition:
 
Using integration by parts twice:
 
3. Laplace Transforms of Some Elementary
Functions
𝒇 (𝒕) 𝐿 { 𝒇 (𝒕) }
1
1 1 s
1
2 𝑡 s2

2
3 𝑡2 s3
n!
4 𝑡𝑛
s n 1
(n positive integer)
1
𝑎𝑡
5 𝑒 sa
s
6 cos 𝑎𝑡 s2  a2
a
7 sin 𝑎𝑡 s2  a2
s
8 cosh 𝑎𝑡 s2  a2
a
9 sinh 𝑎𝑡 s2  a2
Exercise 1.

Find the Laplace Transform of the following functions

1. 𝑡 + 2
2. ሺ2𝑡 – 3ሻ2
3. 𝑒 −2𝑡+1
4. cos 2 2𝑡
5. sin2 3𝑡
4.First Shifting Theorem
 
Theorem 2

If has the transform , then has the transform ;

thus,
 
Example: 5
 Let , Find
 
Solution
 Example 6
Find , if
 Solution

From the theorems 1 and 2 and also the definition of we obtain


e  e 
t t

L {cosht cost 2t}= L  cos 2t 


 2 
L {cosht cost 2t} = ½ L {et cos 2t + e –t cos 2t}
1  s 1 s 1 
L {cosht cost 2t} =  
2  ( s  1) 2  4 ( s  1) 2  4 

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