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Trans Vector Group

A three phase transformer has three sets of primary and secondary windings that can be connected in a star or delta configuration. The vector group indicates the phase difference between the primary and secondary sides due to the winding configuration, using a code of letters and numbers relating to the winding type and phase displacement on a clock face. Zigzag winding is a special configuration that can cancel certain harmonic currents.

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215 views23 pages

Trans Vector Group

A three phase transformer has three sets of primary and secondary windings that can be connected in a star or delta configuration. The vector group indicates the phase difference between the primary and secondary sides due to the winding configuration, using a code of letters and numbers relating to the winding type and phase displacement on a clock face. Zigzag winding is a special configuration that can cancel certain harmonic currents.

Uploaded by

mjohn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mehran University College

Of Engineering & Technology,


Khairpur Mir’s

THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS


AND VECTOR GROUPS

ENGR. AHSANULLAH MEMON


LECTURER
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MUCET KHAIRPUR MIRS
THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS

 A three phase transformer has three sets of primary and secondary windings.
 Depending upon how these sets of windings are interconnected, determines
whether the connection is a star or delta configuration.
 The available voltage which are each displaced from the other by 120
electrical degrees

H.W:- Advantages and disadvantages of core type construction


and shell type construction
CONNECTIONS OF THREE PHASE TRANSFORMERS
 A three-phase transformer is made of three sets of primary
and secondary windings.
 Those sets of primary and secondary windings will be
connected in either Δ or Y configurations to form a complete
unit.
 Y connections provide the opportunity for multiple voltages,
 while Δ connections enjoy a higher level of reliability (if one
winding fails open, the other two can still maintain full line
voltages to the load).
Primary - Secondary
    Y       -           Y
    Y       -           Δ
    Δ       -           Y
  Δ       -           Δ
Having both primary and secondary winding sets connected in “Y” formations
allows for the use of neutral conductors (N1 and N2) in each power system.
Such a configuration would allow for the provision of multiple
voltages (line-to-line or line-to-neutral)
When there is no need for a neutral conductor in the secondary
power system, Δ-Δ connection schemes are preferred because of
the inherent reliability of the Δ configuration.
Considering that a Δ configuration can operate satisfactorily
missing one winding, some power system designers choose to
create a three-phase transformer bank with only two
transformers, representing a Δ-Δ configuration with a missing
winding in both the primary and secondary sides:
Vector Group of Transformer
The three phase transformer windings can be connected several ways.
Based on the windings’ connection, the vector group of the
transformer is determined.
The transformer vector group is indicated on the Name Plate of
transformer by the manufacturer.
The vector group provides a simple way of indicating how the internal
connections of a transformer are arranged.
The vector group indicates the phase difference between the primary
and secondary sides, introduced due to that particular configuration of
transformer windings connection.
The Determination of vector group of transformers is very important
before connecting two or more transformers in parallel.
If two transformers of different vector groups are connected in parallel
then phase difference exist between the secondary of the transformers
and large circulating current flows between the two transformers
which is very detrimental.
 The vector group is indicated by a code consisting of
two or three letters, followed by one or two numeric
digits. The letters indicate the winding configuration as
follows:
 D or d: Delta winding, also called a mesh winding.
 Y or y: Wye winding, (also called a star).
 Z or z: Zigzag winding, or interconnected star winding.
Similar to a wye winding, but two windings form each
phase are arranged so that the three legs are "bent" when
the phase diagram is drawn. Zigzag-wound transformers
have special characteristics and are not commonly used
where these characteristics are not needed.
ZIGZAG CONNECTION OF TRANSFORMER
 The zigzag connection of tranformer is also called the
interconnected star connection. 
 This connection has some of the features of the Y and
the ∆ connections, combining the advantages of both.
 The zigzag transformer contains six coils on three
cores.
 Its applications are for the deviation of a neutral
connection from an ungrounded 3-phase system and
the grounding of that neutral to an earth reference
point and harmonics mitigation.
 It can cancel triplet (3rd, 9th, 15th, 21st, etc.)
harmonic currents.
 The digits (0, 1, 11 etc) relate to the phase displacement between
the HV and LV windings using a clock face notation.
 The phasor representing the HV winding is taken as reference and
set at 12 o’clock.
 Phase rotation is always anti-clockwise. (International adopted).
 Use the hour indicator as the indicating phase displacement angle.
 Because there are 12 hours on a clock, and a circle consists out of
360°, each hour represents 30°.
 Thus 1 = 30°, 2 = 60°, 3 = 90°, 6 = 180° and 12 = 0° or 360°.
Example:
 Digit 0 =0° that the LV phasor is in phase with the HV phasor
 Digit 1 =30° lagging (LV lags HV with 30°)
 Digit 11 = 330° lagging or 30° leading (LV leads HV with 30°)
 Digit 5 = 150° lagging (LV lags HV with 150°)
 Digit 6 = 180° lagging (LV lags HV with 180°)

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