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    SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN ILMU BEDAH September 2017

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    Dipo Mas Suyudi
    1) The document discusses the history and development of surgery from ancient civilizations like Egypt and Greece to modern times. 2) Key figures discussed include Vesalius who performed anatomical dissections, Ambroise Pare who pioneered ligating blood vessels during amputations, and John Hunter who studied the pathophysiologic basis of diseases. 3) Major advances included the development of anesthesia by Morton which allowed for painless surgery, antisepsis techniques by Lister to prevent infection, and the discovery of X-rays which aided surgical procedures.

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    SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN ILMU BEDAH September 2017

    Uploaded by

    Dipo Mas Suyudi
    70 views18 pages
    1) The document discusses the history and development of surgery from ancient civilizations like Egypt and Greece to modern times. 2) Key figures discussed include Vesalius who performed anatomical dissections, Ambroise Pare who pioneered ligating blood vessels during amputations, and John Hunter who studied the pathophysiologic basis of diseases. 3) Major advances included the development of anesthesia by Morton which allowed for painless surgery, antisepsis techniques by Lister to prevent infection, and the discovery of X-rays which aided surgical procedures.

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    1. SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN ILMU BEDAH september 2017

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    1) The document discusses the history and development of surgery from ancient civilizations like Egypt and Greece to modern times. 2) Key figures discussed include Vesalius who performed anatomical dissections, Ambroise Pare who pioneered ligating blood vessels during amputations, and John Hunter who studied the pathophysiologic basis of diseases. 3) Major advances included the development of anesthesia by Morton which allowed for painless surgery, antisepsis techniques by Lister to prevent infection, and the discovery of X-rays which aided surgical procedures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    70 views18 pages

    SEJARAH DAN PERKEMBANGAN ILMU BEDAH September 2017

    Uploaded by

    Dipo Mas Suyudi
    1) The document discusses the history and development of surgery from ancient civilizations like Egypt and Greece to modern times. 2) Key figures discussed include Vesalius who performed anatomical dissections, Ambroise Pare who pioneered ligating blood vessels during amputations, and John Hunter who studied the pathophysiologic basis of diseases. 3) Major advances included the development of anesthesia by Morton which allowed for painless surgery, antisepsis techniques by Lister to prevent infection, and the discovery of X-rays which aided surgical procedures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    SEJARAH DAN

    PERKEMBANGAN ILMU BEDAH


    KELOMPOK 1
    IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING SURGICAL HISTORY

    study of medicine is a lifelong learning process

    EDUCATIONAL EFFORT
    MORE PLEASUREABLE

    PROVIDE CONSTANT
    INVIGORATION
    There is no way to separate present-day surgery
    and one's own
    practice from the experiences of all the surgeons in
    all the
    preceding years.

    Sumber : Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th edition. 2012. The Biological Basis of
    Modern Surgical Practice. Canada : Elsevier.
    4 FUNDAMENTAL CLINICAL PREREQUISITES
     Knowledge of human anatomy
     Method of controlling hemorrhage and
    maintaining intra-operative hemostasis
     Anesthesia to permit the performance of pain-
    free procedures
     Explanation of the nature of infection, along
    with the elaboration of methods necessary to
    achieve an antiseptic and aseptic operating
    room environment

    Sumber : Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th edition. 2012.


    The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Canada :
    Elsevier.
    KNOWLEDGE OF HUMAN ANATOMY

    Andrea Vesalius (1514-1564)


    Professor of anatomy and surgery
    Doctor family
    Maximillian 1
    De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem
    (1543), charles V
    He described the omentum and its
    connections with the stomach, the spleen
     and the colon

    Sumber : Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th edition. 2012.


    The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Canada :
    Elsevier.
    METHOD OF CONTROLLING HEMORRHAGE

    Ambroise Paré (1510-1590)


    an army surgeon
    other surgeons  boiling oil as a means of
    cauterizing fresh gunshot wounds
    Paré  use of a less irritating emollient of
    egg yolk, rose oil, and turpentine
    performing an amputation  to ligate
    individual blood vessels
    "Je le pansay. Dieu le guérit,

    Sumber : Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th edition. 2012.


    The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Canada :
    Elsevier.
    PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC BASIS OF
    SURGICAL DISEASES

    John Hunter (1728-1793)


    A Treatise on the Blood, Inflammation, and
    Gun-Shot Wounds (1794)
    experimental animal surgery as a way to
    understand the pathophysiologic basis of
    surgical diseases
    research and clinical work  of separate
    organ systems, with comparisons of these
    systems, from the simplest animal or plant
    to humans, demonstrating the interaction
    of structure and function.

    Sumber : Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th edition. 2012.


    The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Canada :
    Elsevier.
    ANESTHESIA
    In the preanesthetic era, surgeons were forced to be more
    concerned about the speed with which an operation was
    completed
    By the early 1830s  chloroform, ether, and nitrous oxide
    On October 16, 1846, William T.G. Morton (1819-1868), a
    Boston dentist, persuaded John Collins Warren (1778-1856),
    professor of surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital
     administer sulfuric ether to a surgical patient from whom
    Warren went on to remove a small, congenital vascular
    tumor of the neck painlessly.

    Sumber : Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th edition. 2012.


    The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Canada :
    Elsevier.
    ANTISEPSIS, ASEPSIS, AND UNDERSTANDING THE NATURE OF INFECTION

    Joseph Lister’s (1827-1912)


    antisepsis in the treatment of wounds and the
    performance of surgical operations 
    preventing surgical infection
    method of destroying bacteria by excessive
    heat could not be applied to a surgical
    patient
    By 1865, Lister was instilling pure carbolic acid
    into wounds and onto dressings

    Sumber : Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th edition. 2012.


    The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Canada :
    Elsevier.
    X-RAYS
    Especially prominent among other late 19th century
    discoveries
    had an enormous impact on the evolution of surgery
    research conducted by Wilhelm Roentgen (1845-1923)
    invisible rays capable of passing through solid objects,
    his hand were able to be revealed on a specially treated
    photographic plate.

    Sumber : Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th edition. 2012.


    The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Canada :
    Elsevier.
    much of the deep suppuration found in wounds was created by
    previously contaminated silk ligatures
    Lister developed sterile absorbable sutures

    Sumber : Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th edition. 2012.


    The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Canada :
    Elsevier.
    ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS

    Prehistorical humans, using the most rudimentary


    surgical instruments, were able to bore open a human
    skull
    It is more likely that trephinations were carried out for
    spiritual or magical reasons and used in cases of
    epilepsy, headache, or mental illness
    From ancient Egypt  the Edwin Smith papyrus,
    written around 1600 BC  surgical problems

    Sumber : Surgery : Basic Science and Clinical Evidence. 2nd edition. 2008. USA : Springe
    GREEK CIVILIZATION

    Numerous "schools" of medicine (associations


    of philosophers, priest-physicians,
    practitioners, and students)
    "father of modem medicine,“  Hippocrates
    He was able to disassociate medicine
    permanently from the religious mysticism
    A collection of 72 medical works has become
    known as the Corpus Hippocraticum

    Sumber : Surgery : Basic Science and Clinical Evidence. 2nd edition. 2008. USA : Springe
    ROMAN CIVILIZATION
    Cornelius Celsus (25 BC to AD 50)
     description of the characteristics of inflammations: redness, swelling,
    heat, and pain (rubor, tumor, calor, and dolor, respectively)
    Galen (AD 129-199)
     Chief surgeon to the Roman gladiators
     the use of various surgical instruments
     Discussion of inflammation and tumors

    Sumber : Surgery : Basic Science and Clinical Evidence. 2nd edition. 2008. USA : Springe
    THE MIDDLE / MEDIEVAL AGES
    monks were forbidden to perform surgical operations
    this skill fell mostly to the "barbers“
    By the 13th and 14th centuries, surgical techniques were
    beginning to mature at the hands of barber-surgeons

    Sumber : Surgery : Basic Science and Clinical Evidence. 2nd edition. 2008. USA : Springe
    School of Salerno
     situated near Naples on the Gulf of Paestum
     The most important of early medieval surgical manuscripts, “the Bamberg
    Surgery”
     covering wounds and fractures of the skull, general wounds of the body,
    surgical lesions of eye and ear, diseases of the skin, fractures and
    dislocations, hemorrhoids, herniorrhaphy, bloodletting, and cautery

    Sumber : Surgery : Basic Science and Clinical Evidence. 2nd edition. 2008. USA : Springe
    THE RENAISSANCE
    the great revival of learning via the arts, humanities, and
    growth of scientific thought
    Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564
     De Humani Corporis Fabrica  provide anatomical dissection
     Also research on the vascular system and the question of the
    circulation of blood
    each European country began to develop its own recognizable
    practice of surgery.

    Sumber : Surgery : Basic Science and Clinical Evidence. 2nd edition. 2008. USA : Springe
    REFERENCE
    Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 19th edition. 2012. The
    Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. Canada :
    Elsevier.
    Surgery : Basic Science and Clinical Evidence. 2nd edition.
    2008. USA : Springer.

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