Why I Gave Up Atheism For Christianity: Michael G. Houts, PHD

Why I Gave up Atheism for
Christianity
Some images had to be removed for copyright purposes.
Some images had to be removed for copyright purposes.
Michael G. Houts, PhD
[email protected]
Christianity
1. I grew up in a society where
Christianity was largely accepted
Not as true today.
Percentage of people claiming “No Religion” has doubled

since 1990 (now 15%). Some states (Vermont) greater
than 1 in 3.
Rise of “militant atheists,” anti-Christian media, anti-

Christian government and public institutions.
Genesis 6:5 Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man
was great in the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his
heart was only evil continually.
Christianity
2. Many of my classmates were Bible-
believers willing to “Shine Their Light”
Positive Christian attitudes in nearly every situation.
Inordinately forgiving, nice, kids you could count on.
Didn’t focus on trying to get away with things, respectful to

teachers.
Avoided school dances, unsupervised parties, and other

immoral/potentially immoral events.
Matthew 5:16 Let your light so shine before men, that they may
see your good works and glorify your Father in heaven.
Christianity
3. Some of my Bible-believing
classmates refused to be intimidated.
Evolution taught in 9th grade Biology class.
Bible-believing students respectfully disagreed.
Biology teacher proceeded to ridicule and otherwise

attempt to intimidate students into agreeing with (or at least
not disagreeing with) theory of evolution.
1 Peter 3:14 But even if you should suffer for the sake of
righteousness, you are blessed AND DO NOT FEAR THEIR
INTIMIDATION, AND DO NOT BE TROUBLED
Christianity
4. Several events in my life caused
me to begin questioning non-
believers.
Open hostility towards Christians with little reason.
Attitudes towards others.
Negative consequences from what non-believers

claimed
Romans wasfora when
2:14 greatGentiles,
lifestyle.who do not have the law,
by nature do the things in the law, these, although not having
the law, are a law to themselves,
Christianity
5. Evidence that God has provided
through His creation.
Enjoyed being outdoors.
Enjoyed stargazing.
Bible-believing friends would ask me questions I
couldn’t answer (even though I assumed
evolutionists had the answer, because everyone
“knew” their theory was true!).
Romans 1:20 For since the creation of the world His invisible
attributes are clearly seen, being understood by the things that are
made, even His eternal power and Godhead, so that they are without
excuse,
Sample Question for Atheists / Agnostics
Question:
Is it “scientific” to teach
as “fact” that something
happened spontaneously
(life arising from non-life)
that we have been unable
to duplicate given our
best laboratories, our
smartest scientists, and
virtually unlimited
financial resources?
Christianity
6. Attitude of evolutionists / atheists
when discussing the subject.
Concerted efforts to suppress all objective
discussion of theory.
Near-violent reaction when even basic questions
are asked.
Romans 1:22 “Professing to be wise, they
became fools,”
1 Peter 3:15 but sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being
ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account
for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence;
Christianity
7. Christians willing to defend
the inerrancy of the Bible.
Global flood.
Age of the universe.
Dinosaurs created the same day as man.

2 Peter 3:16-17 as also in all his epistles, speaking in them of
these things, in which are some things hard to understand, which
untaught and unstable people twist to their own destruction, as
they do also the rest of the Scriptures. 17 You therefore, beloved,
since you know this beforehand, beware lest you also fall from your
own steadfastness, being led away with the error of the wicked;
Christianity
8. Believers preaching the gospel.
James 2:19 You believe that there is one God. You
do well. Even the demons believe—and tremble!
Mt 22:39 … You shall love your neighbor as
yourself.
John 3:16 For God so loved the world that He gave
His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him
should not perish but have everlasting life.
2 Timothy 4:2 Preach the word! Be ready in season and

out of season. Convince, rebuke, exhort, with all
longsuffering and teaching.
Christianity
9. Christians relying on the Bible, not
human opinion.
“Christian” radio programs typically contain a lot of Biblical
truth.
However, very few give the Biblical plan of salvation.
The fact that different prayers or thoughts are claimed by

credible-sounding speakers to result in salvation is very
confusing to people with little or no Biblical understanding.
Denominations are equally confusing.

2 Timothy 3:16 All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and
is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in
righteousness,
Christianity
10. Patience and Persistence
2 Peter 3:9 The Lord is not slow about His promise, as
some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing
for any to perish but for all to come to repentance.
1 Timothy 2:3-4 For this is good and acceptable in the

sight of God our Savior, 4who desires all men to be saved and
to come to the knowledge of the truth.
2 Corinthians 4:1 Therefore, since we have this ministry,

as we have received mercy, we do not lose heart.
Galatians 6:9 And let us not grow weary while doing good,
for in due season we shall reap if we do not lose heart.
Christianity
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A Former Atheist Looks at the
Creation of the World
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A Former Atheist Looks at the Creation of the
World
Two very different views on the origin and
purpose of man. Knowing the correct answer
is extremely important!
Genesis 1:27 So God created man in His own image; in the

image of God He created him; male and female He created them.
National Association of Biology Teachers (1995)

“The diversity of life on Earth is the outcome of evolution: an
unsupervised, impersonal, unpredictable and natural process of temporal
descent with genetic modification that is affected by natural selection,
chance, historical contingencies and changing environments.”
World
Where did the Universe Come from?
Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens

and the earth.
Atheistic/Evolutionist View (example) "About 15

billion years ago a tremendous explosion started the
expansion of the universe. This explosion is known as
the Big Bang. At the point of this event all of the
matter and energy of space was contained at one
point. What existed prior to this event is completely
unknown and is a matter of pure speculation. This
occurrence was not a conventional explosion but
rather an event filling all of space with all of the
particles of the embryonic universe rushing away
from each other."
Current Knowledge of Universe is
Extremely Limited
NASA Administrator Mike Griffin:
“What is the value of

discovering that literally
95% of the Universe
consists of dark energy or
dark matter, terms for
things that we as yet know
nothing about? But they
make up 95% of our
1. Griffin, Mike (2007), “Space Exploration: Real Reasons and Acceptable Reasons”, comments by
Universe.”
Michael Griffin at the Quasar1Award Dinner, Bay Area Houston Economic Partnership, January 19.
Current Knowledge of Universe is
Extremely Limited
It has been noted that the
names "dark matter" and
"dark energy" serve mainly as
expressions of our ignorance,
much as the marking of early
maps with “terra incognita.”1
“Current evidence favors

models in which the primary
component of dark matter is
new elementary particles,
collectively called non-
baryonic dark matter.”
Dark energy considered “even

stranger.” “The only thing we
know about dark energy is its
1. Cline, David B. “The Search for Dark Matter,” as quoted in Scientific American, March, 2003.
1. Cline, David B. “The Search for Dark Matter,” as quoted in Scientific American, March, 2003.
Data and Observations inconsistent with
prevailing theories explained away via
sophisticated fudge factors
Dark Matter and Dark Energy can be

distributed throughout the universe, in any
fashion desired.
Dark Matter and Dark Energy can have any
property desired.
Two new “concepts” have been recently
introduced, “Dark Flow” and “Dark Light.”
A similar approach could be used to support
virtually any theory imagined.
Fudge Factors can be Used to Support any
Theory or Conclusion Desired
Assumptions + Observations + Fudge

Factors = “Support for Theory”
Analogy:
If X + Y + Z = 100, what do X, Y, and Z equal?
What if one insists that X must equal 25
(assumption)?
25 + Y + Z = 100
What do Y and Z equal?
Fudge factors allow any combination of

assumptions and observations to be
portrayed as support for a theory.
Non-Christians also Recognize the Weakness of
Contemporary Atheistic Theories
“An Open Letter to the Scientific Community,” Published in New Scientist, May 22,
2004. (Full text at “cosmologystatement.org)
“The big bang today relies on a growing

number of hypothetical entities, things that we
have never observed-- inflation, dark matter
and dark energy are the most prominent
examples. Without them, there would be a
fatal contradiction between the observations
made by astronomers and the predictions of
the big bang theory. In no other field of physics
would this continual recourse to new
hypothetical objects be accepted as a way of
bridging the gap between theory and
observation. It would, at the least, raise
serious questions about the validity of the
Contemporary Atheistic Theories (2)
What is more, the big bang theory can

boast of no quantitative predictions that
have subsequently been validated by
observation. The successes claimed by
the theory's supporters consist of its
ability to retrospectively fit observations
with a steadily increasing array of
adjustable parameters, just as the old
Earth-centered cosmology of Ptolemy
needed layer upon layer of epicycles.
World
Where did life come from?
Genesis 1:11 (Day 3)

Then God said, “Let the earth bring forth grass, the
herb that yields seed, and the fruit tree that yields fruit
according to its kind, whose seed is in itself, on the
earth”; and it was so.

Then God said, “Let the waters abound with an abundance of
living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the
face of the firmament of the heavens.”

Then God said, “Let the earth bring forth the living creature
according to its kind: cattle and creeping thing and beast of the
earth, each according to its kind”; and it was so.
Evolution
• Pre-dates Christianity, first proposed
over 2500 years ago.
 Sixth Century B.C.: Greek Philosopher
Anaximander argues that life arose from mud
exposed to sunlight, subsequently evolved into man.
 Middle Ages: Widespread belief that microbes
spontaneously arise from soups and broth. Rats
spontaneously arise from trash. Fruit flies
spontaneously arise from aging fruit. Maggots
spontaneously arise from meat.
 1859-1861: Louis Pasteur performs experiments to
show that spontaneous generation does not happen.
Evolution
 1859: Darwin argues life spontaneously arose in some
“warm little pond” as a result of sunlight acting on
various organic salts.
 1858-1876: Félix Archimède Pouchet, Director of the
Museum of Natural History in Rouen, a French city
northeast of Paris, continues to promote spontaneous
generation. In a paper read before the Paris Academy
of Sciences in 1858 he claimed to be able to produce
spontaneous generation at will in a sterile culture
medium. Not until 1876 did Pasteur and Chamberland
finally identify the error in Pouchet’s “experiments.”
21st Century: Neo-Darwinian Synthesis
 Universe spontaneously formed 13.7 Billion years
ago, solar system formed 4.5 Billion years ago.
 Living organisms spontaneously arose.
 Mutations in DNA are sometimes beneficial. Such
mutations are passed to the next generation, increasing
the fitness of an organism’s offspring.
 Beneficial mutations will increase the likelihood that
an organism will live to reproductive maturity.
 Over time, “beneficial mutations” result in new
species.
Analogy (Life from Non-Life)
 Creation:
 Complex machines (e.g. computers, cars, space
shuttles) are designed and built by an intelligent
creator (in that case man).
 Neo-Darwinian Synthesis:
 Complex machines (e.g. computers, cars, space
shuttles) assemble and operate themselves via
random chemical interactions.
Analogy (Diversity of Life)
 Creation:
 Given a complete encyclopedia, write a
sentence about butterflies.
 Neo-Darwinian Synthesis:
 Given a sentence about butterflies, write a
complete encyclopedia.
True Science Often Ignored in Effort to
Promote Evolution
 Miller-Urey Experiment – What’s Taught
 Attempt to simulate conditions under which theory of
evolution predicts life could be spontaneously
generated.
 Pass water, ammonia, methane, and hydrogen through a
spark (oxygen destroys building blocks of life and thus
cannot be present).
 Amino acids formed.
 “Showed that basic building blocks of life can assemble
spontaneously.”
From Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1998, pg 193
Miller - Urey Experiment
True Science Often Ignored in Effort to
Promote Evolution
What’s not taught
 Building blocks of DNA and proteins are molecules
which can exist in both right and left-handed forms
(mirror images).
 In all living systems DNA and RNA are composed
exclusively of right-handed nucleotides, while the amino
acids in proteins in living systems occur only in left-
handed form.
Physical Structure of
Proteins Vital to
Functionality,
Requires all Left-
Handed Amino Acids.
Deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA)
DNA Requires Right-Handed
Nucleotides to have compact,
double-helix structure
What’s not taught
 Chance chemistry required by evolution results in even
mix of right and left handed nucleotides and amino acids.
Attempts to contrive scenarios that “purify” have failed.
 Smallest proteins consist of about 70 amino acids. Odds

1 in 1021 (1 in 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000) that 70 in
a row all left-handed. Hemoglobin contains 574 amino
acids (odds 1 in 10175).
What’s not taught.
 Long strings of amino acids don’t exist in water. One percent
two amino acids bonded, 0.01% three, 1 in 10140 will have 70
amino acids bonded. Water breaks DNA, RNA and proteins
down into building blocks.
 Miller-Urey experiment produced only small amounts of amino
acids (2% of product). Products removed to avoid destruction.
 Miller-Urey experiment also produced tar (85% of product) and
Carboxylic Acids (13% of product).
 Tar and carboxylic acids poison enzymes in living systems,
resulting in death.
 Ongoing controversy over whether proposed atmosphere could
have ever existed.
 Galileo probe to Jupiter found no complex molecules.
 Numerous experiments analogous to “Miller-Urey” have been
contrived – all have failed to show any credible mechanism for
protein formation.
“Another blow to scientists’
expectations was the paucity of
complex organic molecules, which
laboratory studies had suggested
should be present. Some researchers
have even postulated that pre-biotic
compounds or even life itself might
exist in the Jovian atmosphere. Yet the
mass spectrometer found nothing
fancier than simple carbon-based
species like ethane (C2H6). “There
aren’t any little critters floating around
in the clouds,” concludes Niemann
(Beatty, 1996, Sky and Telescope,
91[4]:21). [NOTE: “Niemann” refers
to Hasso B. Niemann, of
NASA/Goddard, who led one of the
teams analyzing results from the
probe.]”
What’s not taught
 Insufficient
time, even if amino acid and
nucleotide chains assumed stable.
 In 1860, Thomas Huxley proposed that given six
monkeys, six typewriters, and unlimited time, the
monkeys would eventually type all of the books in the
British library.
 Time
 Assume 26 options on a typewriter (ignore case,
punctuation, spaces, etc.).
 What are the odds of randomly typing
W 1 in 26
WE 1 in 676
WEARE 1 in 11,881,376
WEAREABUNCHOFMONKEYS 1 in 1.99x1028
WEAREABUNCHOFMONKEYSTRYINGTOTYPESOME
THINGTHATMAKESSENSEITSNOTWORKINGYETBUT
MAYBEGIVENINFINITETIME 1 in 6.89x10135
Notes: 20 Billion Years = 6.3x1023 microseconds
Number of atoms in universe < 1080
What’s not taught
 Time
 Example had 96 letters.
 DNA of simplest bacteria has over one million
nucleotide pairs.
 Chemical “letters” not permanently placed - in
watery environment bonds break more readily than
form. Analogous to letter being erased very soon
after typed.
 Computer programs seeking a pre-determined result
are not analogous to the origin of life from non-life.
 Language
 Even if a DNA molecule somehow arose, what
difference would it make if a “language” hadn’t already
been established?
 DNA is a digital, error-correcting, redundant,
overlapping information storage system.
 PhD’s in information theory and computer science are
currently trying to create information storage systems
of similar complexity.
“Simple” life is vastly more complex than
anything man has ever created
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
 Atheists
themselves have calculated the
“odds” of their theory on life’s origin
being correct
 Carl Sagan – single simple protein, 1 in
10130 , i.e. 1 in 1 followed by 130 zeroes.
 Fred Hoyle – proteins in an amoeba, 1 in
1040,000 ; i.e. 1 in 1 followed by 40,000 zeroes.
 Harold Morowitz – simple organism, 1 in
10100,000,000,000
We all get to choose where
we put our faith.
World
1 Peter 3:14-15
But even if you should suffer for the sake of
righteousness, you are blessed AND DO NOT
FEAR THEIR INTIMIDATION, AND DO NOT BE
TROUBLED, but sanctify Christ as Lord in your
hearts, always being ready to make a defense to
everyone who asks you to give an account for the
hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and
reverence;
2 Timothy 3:16
All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is
profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for
instruction in righteousness,
Evolution is Religion – not
Science
[email protected]
Evolution is Religion ― Not Science
1 Peter 3:14-15
righteousness, you are blessed AND DO
NOT FEAR THEIR INTIMIDATION, AND DO
NOT BE TROUBLED, but sanctify Christ as
Lord in your hearts, always being ready to
make a defense to everyone who asks you to
give an account for the hope that is in you,
yet with gentleness and reverence;
Despite widespread claims to the contrary
“Molecules-to-man” evolution has nothing to
do with true science, and is merely a popular
false religion of the 21st century.
True science is actually the enemy of the

evolutionist.
Scientific progress on topics such as

spontaneous generation and information in
the genome show the theory of evolution to
be scientifically absurd.
Ambiguous arguments used to promote
evolution (homologous structures, fossils,
etc.) have no scientific relevance.
True science and data show the weakness of

atheistic theories related to “age”.
No matter how good our intentions, we must

resist the temptation to distort scripture to
accommodate contemporary theories or
beliefs.
Question:
virtually unlimited
Evolutionists Often Confuse Atheism with
Science, and Encourage Society to do the
Same
“We take the side of science in spite of the patent
absurdity of some of its constructs, in spite of its
failure to fulfill many of its extravagant promises of
health and life, in spite of the tolerance of the
scientific community for unsubstantiated just-so stories,
because we have a prior commitment, a commitment to
materialism. It is not that the methods and institutions
Dr. Richard Lewontin of science somehow compel us to accept a material
explanation of the phenomenal world, but, on the
contrary, that we are forced by our a priori adherence
to material causes to create an apparatus of investigation
and a set of concepts that produce material
explanations, no matter how counter-intuitive, no matter
how mystifying to the uninitiated. Moreover, that
materialism is an absolute, for we cannot allow a Divine
Foot in the door.”
Richard Lewontin, “Billions and Billions of Demons,” The New York Review, January 9, 1997, pg 31.
There is nothing “Absurd” about true
science
The science that has enabled tremendous advances in
technology (operational science) is observable,
testable, and repeatable.
While many people refer to conjectures related to

origins as “origins science”, these conjectures are
typically unrelated to operational science.
Advances in true (operational) science have repeatedly

shown the extreme weakness of false theories of
origins.
God warns us that false teachings
and false religions will arise. This
includes Atheism and the Theory
of Evolution
2 Timothy 4:2-4
preach the word; be ready in season and out of
season; reprove, rebuke, exhort, with great
patience and instruction.
For the time will come when they will not endure
sound doctrine; but wanting to have their ears
tickled, they will accumulate for themselves
teachers in accordance to their own desires,
and will turn away their ears from the truth and
will turn aside to myths.
The temptation to tolerate (or
follow) false religions is not
new
1 Cor 10:13
No temptation has overtaken you but such as is
common to man; and God is faithful, who will not
allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able,
but with the temptation will provide the way of
escape also, so that you will be able to endure it.
Numerous Old Testament Teachings on False Religion

Romans 15:4 For whatever was written in earlier
times was written for our instruction, so that through
perseverance and the encouragement of the
Scriptures we might have hope.
False Religions – Old Testament
1 Kings 18:17-21
Example
 17 When Ahab saw Elijah, Ahab said to him, "Is this you,
you troubler of Israel?"
 18 He said, "I have not troubled Israel, but you and your
father's house have, because you have forsaken the
commandments of the LORD and you have followed the
Baals.
 19 "Now then send and gather to me all Israel at Mount
Carmel, together with 450 prophets of Baal and 400
prophets of the Asherah, who eat at Jezebel's table."
 20 So Ahab sent a message among all the sons of Israel
and brought the prophets together at Mount Carmel.
 21 Elijah came near to all the people and said, "How long
will you hesitate between two opinions? If the LORD is
God, follow Him; but if Baal, follow him." But the people did
not answer him a word.
False Religions – Observations
1 Kings 18:17
When Ahab saw Elijah, Ahab said to him, "Is
this you, you troubler of Israel?"
Observation 1:
Elijah was viewed as a threat to society for
following God. Christians are often viewed
in the same way today.
1 Kings 18:19
"Now then send and gather to me all Israel at Mount
Observation 2:
Baal worshippers were not dumb, just deceived. Many
of the most important people in Elijah’s society
worshipped Baal.
The same observation holds true for most evolutionists

and atheists today.
1 Kings 18:19
"Now then send and gather to me all Israel at Mount Carmel,
together with 450 prophets of Baal and 400 prophets of the
Asherah, who eat at Jezebel's table."
Observation 3:
It is quite possible that some individuals professed faith in Baal
simply to improve their physical lives or avoid persecution. The
same observation holds true for many professed evolutionists and
atheists today.
John 12:42-43
Nevertheless many even of the rulers believed in Him, but because
of the Pharisees they were not confessing Him, for fear that they
would be put out of the synagogue; for they loved the approval of
men rather than the approval of God.
1 Kings 18:19
"Now then send and gather to me all Israel at Mount
Observation 4:
Pride would have provided a strong temptation to
promote Baal worship. The same observation holds true
for evolutionists and atheists today.
Romans 1:22
Professing to be wise, they became fools,
1 Kings 18:21
Elijah came near to all the people and said, "How long will you
hesitate between two opinions? If the LORD is God, follow Him;
but if Baal, follow him." But the people did not answer him a word.
Observation 5
Many Israelites did not believe in Baal. However, they also seemed
too unsure to stand up for God. On the subject of atheism and
evolution, many Christians suffer from the same condition today.
Matthew 5:13
You are the salt of the earth; but if the salt has become tasteless,
how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything,
except to be thrown out and trampled under foot by men.
1 Kings 18:38-39
Then the fire of the LORD fell and consumed the burnt offering
and the wood and the stones and the dust, and licked up the water
that was in the trench. 39 When all the people saw it, they fell on
their faces; and they said, "The LORD, He is God; the LORD, He
is God."
Observation 6
God gave the Israelites tremendous evidence that they should put
their faith in Him. He does the same for people today.
Romans 1:20
For since the creation of the world His invisible attributes, His
eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being
understood through what has been made, so that they are without
excuse.
Changes in Living Organisms
Do the changes we observe in living
organisms provide evidence for evolution?
 Variation is the raw material for natural selection

 Living things face a constant struggle for
existence
 Only some individuals survive and reproduce
 Natural selection results in genetic change
 Species adapt to their environment
 Examples: Peppered Moth, Sickle Cell Anemia,

Blind Cave Fish, Bacterial Resistance to
Antibiotics.
From Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1998, pp 181-183
Changes in Living Organisms:
“Microevolution” vs “Macroevolution”
 Some texts now refer to natural selection as
“microevolution” and the evolution of all life forms
from an initial simple cell as “macroevolution.”
 Desired inference is that since lots of “micro” leads
to “macro”, the observed process of natural selection
(“microevolution”) supports or proves the theory of
evolution (“macroevolution”).
 In reality, observed cases of “microevolution” either
refute “macroevolution”, or are at best neutral.
 “Microevolution” selects from existing genetic
information, and often results in a loss of information
from the genome.
 “Macroevolution” requires that new genetic
information somehow be generated.
Microevolution Does Not Produce New Genetic
Information
Peppered
Moths
Typica Form Carbonaria Form
 Until 1850s, dark gray peppered moths were rare. Almost all
peppered moths were pale.
 Around 1850, dark peppered moths started to become more
common, especially in heavily industrialized areas where pale
tree trunks were darkened by heavy pollution.
 By 1950, peppered moth populations living near industrial
centers consisted almost entirely of dark individuals.
 Since 1950, England has introduced strict air pollution control
measures, and there are now more light-colored moths.
From Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1998, pp 181-183
Evolutionists Draw False Conclusion from
Evidence
 Evolution:
 Peppered Moths show natural selection (“microevolution”) in
action. Dark moths are better camouflaged when sitting on
soot-darkened tree trunks and thus escape being eaten.
 More dark colored moths survive and reproduce.
 Over time, “microevolution” leads to “macroevolution”
 Biblical Creationism
 Peppered Moths show natural selection in action. Dark
moths are better camouflaged when sitting on soot-
darkened tree trunks and thus escape being eaten.
 More dark colored moths survive and reproduce.
 The genetic information needed to produce both dark and
light colored moths was present in the original created kind.
 The example has nothing to do with evolution, in that no
new genetic information was created.
Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics is not
Evolution
 Atheistic Evolution:
 Bacteria “evolve” resistance to antibiotics, resulting in
superbugs.
 Natural selection acting on pre-existing information in bacteria
can lead to strains resistant to antibiotics.
 Information-reducing mutations acting on pre-existing
information in bacteria can lead to strains resistant to
antibiotics.
Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics: Observed
Mechanisms
1. Information to resist the antibiotic already in the bacterial population.
2. Plasmid Transfer: one germ inserts a tiny tube into another, and a
small loop of DNA called a ‘plasmid’ transfers from one to another.
3. Mutation: Loss of a control gene may enhance resistance to penicillin

(excessive production of penicillinase ). Mutation that reduces
efficiency of bacteria’s chemical pumping mechanism can reduce
uptake of antibiotic and provide “resistance.”
Natural Selection is not Evolution
(5 of 27 possible combinations shown) (Tremendous variation from original created kind)

Selective Breeding is not Evolution
 Atheistic Evolution:
 New breeds of cats,
dogs, horses, etc. are
evidence for evolution.
 New breeds represent
the selection of
specific traits from
existing information.
 Selective breeding
reduces available
information, and is
actually the opposite
of evolution.
Science
[email protected]
True Science is the Enemy of the Evolutionist :
“Vestigial Structures”
Atheistic Evolution:
Vestigial Structure: structure that is a remnant of
an organism’s evolutionary past and has no function;
from the Latin vestigium, meaning “footprint.”1
Biblical Creationism:
The functionality of some organs and structures may
have degraded since the original perfect creation.
Vestigial structures (as defined above) do not exist.
So-called “vestigial structures” are evidence for

scientific ignorance, not evolution.
1. Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart, & Winston, 1998, pg 868
What’s Taught: Vestigial Structures
“A vestigial structure is a body part that no longer has a
function. How is a vestigial body part evidence of
evolution?”1
“There are, according to Wiedersheim, no less than 180
vestigal [sic] structures in the human body, sufficient to make
of a man a veritable walking museum of antiquities. Among
these [is] the vermiform appendix . These and numerous
other structures of the same sort can be reasonably
interpreted as evidence that man has descended from
ancestors in which these organs were functional. Man has
never completely lost these characters; he continues to
inherit them though he no longer has any use for them.”
(pro-evolution “evidence” available at 1925 Scopes Trial).
1. Biology: An Everyday Experience, Glencoe, McGraw Hill, 1999, pp 620-621

What’s Not Taught: Vestigial
Structures
Functions have been found for all 180 structures
believed to be “vestigial” only a century ago. Many
of these functions are vital. Additional functions of
“vestigial organs” continue to be identified.
Arguments concerning “Junk DNA” are analogous to those

concerning vestigial structures. These arguments once
again reflect scientific ignorance, not evolution.
Belief in “Vestigial Structures” has slowed scientific

progress.
Data and true science are the enemy of the

evolutionist.
Structures
 Appendix: ‘Although it used to be believed that the
appendix had no function and was an evolutionary relic,
this is no longer thought to be true. Its greatest
importance is the immunological function it provides in
the developing embryo, but it continues to function even
in the adult … . The function of the appendix appears to
be to expose circulating immune cells to antigens from
the bacteria and other organisms living in your gut. That
helps your immune system to tell friend from foe and
stops it from launching damaging attacks on bacteria
that happily co-exist with you.’1 ‘By the time you are an
adult, it seems your immune system has already learned
to cope with the foreign substances in the
gastrointestinal tract, so your appendix is no longer
important. But defects in [the appendix and other]
immune sampling areas may be involved in autoimmune
diseases and intestine inflammation.’1
The last word, New Scientist 177(2381):65, 8 February 2003.

Structures
 Appendix: ‘In humans, [the appendix] was
thought to have no physiological function.
However, it is now known to play a role in fetal
immunity and in young adults. During the early
years of development, the appendix functions as a
“lymphoid organ”, assisting with the maturation of
B lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell) and in
the production of immunoglobulin A antibodies
[both of which help fight invading germs]. In
addition, at around the 11th week of fetal
development, endocrine (hormone-producing)
cells appear in the appendix. These cells produce
peptide hormones that control various biological
mechanisms.’1
The last word, New Scientist 177(2381):65, 8 February 2003.

Structures
 Nictitating Membrane: Pink lump in our eyes,
misnamed, actually “plica semilunaris.” Serves as a
support and control structure for the eye as well as
lubrication and effective eyeball movement. Intercepts
foreign bodies on the cornea and passes them to the
region of the eye closest to the nose. Secretes mucin,
one of three components of tears. Increases field of
vision possible without moving head.
 Human Hair: intensification of touch sensation.

Conserve body heat (reduce airflow near skin) or help
cool (hold perspiration – evaporate instead of drip).
Structures
 Tonsils and adenoids were once considered
“vestigial.” They are now known to be a ring of
lymphoid tissue that protects the entrance of the
alimentary and respiratory tracts from bacterial
infection. In 1930’s over 50% of children had
tonsils and adenoids removed. By 1971 only 14.8
per 1000 had the procedure. In 1976, New York
Department of Cancer Control concluded “…
people who have had tonsillectomies are nearly
three times as likely to develop Hodgkin’s disease, a
form of cancer that attacks the lymphoid tissue.”
Ambiguous Arguments: Fossil Record
Atheistic Evolution: Fossils formed over millions of years. Order

of burial related to time (older fossils buried deeper). Lack of
transitional forms explained by “imperfections” in the fossil
record, or possibly by “punctuated equilibrium.”
Biblical Creation: Fossils formed primarily during the flood.

Order of burial related to the order that habitats were destroyed
by the flood. Ability to flee rising floodwaters and other factors
also affected order of burial. Lack of transitional forms
explained by the fact that they never existed. Quality of fossils
indicates rapid burial / fossilization.
Claims of “Transitional Forms” used to Promote
Evolution
Atheistic Evolution: “Transitional forms” represent the
process of one type of animal transitioning into another
type.
Biblical Creation: “Transitional forms” represent

variation within a kind.
Is the Beagle a type of dog, or a transitional form

between a Yorkie and a German Shepherd?
Fossils: Limited/Ambiguous Data Allows Wide
Range of Interpretations
“I am also aware of the fact that, at least in my

own subject of paleoanthropology, "theory" -
heavily influenced by implicit ideas almost
always dominates "data". ....Ideas that are
totally unrelated to actual fossils have
dominated theory building, which in turn
strongly influence the way fossils are
interpreted.”
Dr. David Pilbeam (paleoanthropologist), Ph.D. Yale University, presently Professor of
Social Sciences at Harvard University and Curator of Paleontology at the Peabody
Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Quoted in Darwin’s Enigma, Master Books,
El Cajon, CA, pp. 88–90, 1988.
Evolution
Example: Horse Series
Suspected to be false and/or

fraudulent as early as 1920.
Taught as “fact” throughout 20th

Century.
Only recently removed from

Smithsonian Museum of
Natural History.
Fossils: Limited/Ambiguous Data
Allows Wide Range of Interpretations
Dissenting opinions rarely mentioned

‘… I fully agree with your comments on the lack of direct
illustration of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of
any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them.
You suggest that an artist should be used to visualize such
transformations, but where would he get the information
from? I could not, honestly, provide it, and if I were to leave it
to artistic license, would that not mislead the reader?
Dr. Colin Patterson, Senior Paleontologist, British Museum of Natural History, questioned about his
book “Evolution”. Personal communication; documented in: Luther Sunderland, Darwin’s Enigma,
Master Books, El Cajon, CA, pp. 88–90, 1988.
“Missing Links”
Pakicetus (1983 -2001)
‘In time and in its morphology, Pakicetus is perfectly intermediate, a
missing link between earlier land mammals and later, full-fledged whales.’ 1
Top left: Gingerich’s first reconstruction 1

Bottom left: what he had actually found 1
Top right: more complete skeleton 2
Bottom right: more reasonable reconstruction 3
1. P.D. Gingerich, N.A. Wells, D.E. Russell, and S.M.I. Shah, Science 220(4595):403–6, 22 April 1983; P.D.
Gingerich, Journal of Geological Education. 31:140–144, 1983.
2. J.G.M. Thewissen, E.M. Williams, L.J. Roe, and S.T. Hussain, Skeletons of terrestrial cetaceans and the
relationship of whales to artiodactyls, Nature 413:277–281, 20 Sept. 2001.
3. 3. Pakicetus … eight years on. Illustration: Carl Buell
<http://www.neoucom.edu/Depts/Anat/Pakicetid.html>
Claims of “transitional
forms” (a.k.a. missing
links) often used to
promote evolution
Archaeoraptor (1999 – 2000):
• Supposed “proof” of dinosaur to bird evolution.
• Displayed in National Geographic’s Explorer’s Hall
October 15, 1999 – January 21, 2000. Viewed by
110,000 people, mostly children. Called “missing link.”
• “Feathers for T-Rex” article in 11/99 National
Geographic Magazine.
• Admitted fraud in January 2000. Combined body and
head of bird with tail of dinosaur.
• Similar fraudulent fossil published in Nature a few
months earlier.
Evolution
Archaeoraptor (1999 – 2000)

continued:
“The idea of feathered dinosaurs and the theropod origin of

birds is being actively promulgated by a cadre of zealous
scientists acting in concert with certain editors at Nature
and National Geographic who themselves have become
outspoken and highly biased proselytizers of the
faith. Truth and careful scientific weighing of evidence have
been among the first casualties in their program, which is
now fast becoming one of the grander scientific hoaxes
of our age — the paleontological equivalent of cold fusion.”
1.1 Storrs Olson, Curator of Birds at the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian
Institution in Washington, DC., Open letter to: Dr Peter Raven, Secretary, Committee for Research and
Exploration, National Geographic Society, emphases added.
Claims of “transitional forms” (a.k.a.
missing links) often used to promote
evolution
Taught: “Feathers are modified reptilian scales”
(in reading recommended by National Academy of
Sciences’ “Teaching about Evolution and the
Nature of Science” )
Not Taught:
• Scales are folds of skin, feathers are complex
structures with a barb, barbule and hooks.
• Feathers originate from follicles inside the
skin, totally different from scales.
• Feathers require significant new and different
genetic information. No source for this new
information. Difficult to postulate “more fit”
transitional forms
• Feather proteins (Φ-keratins) biochemically
different from skin and scale proteins (α-
Photos Courtesy David
keratins) Menton
“Missing Links”
Fossils subject to broad
range of interpretation,
depending on what
“evidence” is being sought.
Tremendous incentive to claim
“missing link”
Nebraska Man (1922-1927):

Tooth found February, 1922 in Western Nebraska. Declared
“Human” by Dr Henry F. Osborn of the American Museum of Natural
History in New York. Announced to world in April. The
Illustrated London News of 24 June 1922 published articles,
illustrations, and ‘a pedigree of the human family’ drawn up by
experts. Cited as “proof” of evolution during the Scopes trial of
1925.
In 1927 another tooth was found with bones – “Nebraska Man” was
Evolution
Piltdown Man (1912 – 1953):
Jawbone and other bones “discovered” 1912 – 1915 near village of

Piltdown in southern England. Verified by Sir Arthur Smith
Woodward of British Museum. Also called “Dawn Man”,
calculated to be 500,000 years old. Cited as “proof” of
evolution during the Scopes trial of 1925.
In 1953 found to be an elaborate hoax. 500 year old human

skull matched with jaw of a modern female orangutan. Teeth
had been filed down – long ape canine tooth filed so far that
pulp chamber exposed.
Obvious fraud, but undetected for 40 years because gave the

“answer” that evolutionists desperately wanted to find!
Claims of “Transitional
Forms” used to Promote
Evolution
Lucy (1974 - ?): Touted as man’s “oldest
ancestor” – fanciful depictions in many
natural history museums.
Evidence as of 2009
 The hyoid bone is exactly like that of a chimpanzee. The vocalization that the
creature would be capable of would be like a chimpanzee’s.
 The organ of balance is chimp-like and not human-like. The excellent
preservation of the material makes this conclusion reliable.
 The neck vertebra are short and thick like a gorilla. A slender neck as humans
have helps to keep the head stable while running.
 The fingers are long and curved like a chimpanzee’s. These facilitate climbing
ability. While this has been seen in other australopithecine specimens, the
relevance is still a matter of debate.
 The shoulder blades are the same as a gorilla’s and not at all like a human’s.
 The cranial capacity falls in the range of a chimpanzee’s.
 Three Israeli scientists have reported in the April, 2007 issue of the
Proceedings of the National Academy of Science1 that Au. afarensis
may not be our ancestor at all. Au. afarensis has a lower jaw bone (mandible)
that closely resembles that of a gorilla—not that of a human or even a chimp.
Claims of “Transitional
Forms” used to Promote
Evolution
“Ida” (May, 2009)
• Press release claiming that “"WORLD-RENOWNED SCIENTISTS

REVEAL A REVOLUTIONARY SCIENTIFIC FIND THAT WILL CHANGE
EVERYTHING." debunked by Time/CNN1 and other secular
organizations.
• “From the beginning, Ida's unveiling has been a master class in ballyhoo”
• “The press releases were followed by an international press conference at
the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, the publication of
a book, The Link: Uncovering Our Earliest Ancestor (Little, Brown), an
ABC News exclusive and on May 25 a prime-time television special on the
History Channel. Of the avalanche of media-related promotion, Jorn Hurum,
a Norwegian paleontologist involved in Ida's discovery, told the New York
Times, "Any pop band is doing the same thing.”
1. Ida: Humankind's Earliest Ancestor! (Not Really), Michael D. Lemonick,

Time/CNN, May 21, 2009,
http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1900057,00.html .
Homologous Structures: Common Ancestor
or Common Designer?
Ambiguous Arguments: Homologous
Structures
Atheistic Evolution:
“This observation makes little sense for created objects, since a
creator could mix and match features observed in any organism.”1
“Homologous structures are similar because they are modified
versions of structures that occurred in a common ancestor.”2
“The similarity of these early developmental forms strongly
suggests that the process of development has evolved.”2
“What other evidence is there for evolution? If later life-forms
evolved from earlier ones, wouldn’t the later forms have
something in common with the earlier forms? … Early life forms
are made of cells. So are later life forms. Early life forms have
DNA as part of there chromosomes. So do later life forms.”3
1. Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Biology 336 (online)
2. From Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1998, pp 178-179
3. Biology: An Everyday Experience, Glencoe, McGraw Hill, 1999, pp 620
Framework Example: Homologous
Structures
 Biblical Creation:
Homologous structures provide evidence for a
common designer, not a common ancestor.
“As with “yolk sac,” “gill slit” formation represents an ingenious and
adaptable solution to a difficult engineering problem. How can a small,
round egg cell be turned into an animal or human being with a digestive
tube and various organs inside a body cavity? The answer is to have the
little ball (or flat sheet in some organisms) “swallow itself,” forming a tube
which then “buds off” other tubes and pouches. The anterior pituitary,
lungs, urinary bladder, and parts of the liver and pancreas develop in this
way. In fish, gills develop from such processes, and in human beings, the
ear canals, parathyroid, and thymus glands develop. Following DNA
instructions in their respective egg cells, fish and human beings each use a
similar process to develop their distinctive features.”1
1. Dr. Gary Parker, Creation: Facts of Life, Chapter 1
Questions
Why do songs from the same musician have
similarities?
Why do paintings from the same artist have

similarities?
Why do different car models from the same

company have similarities?
Why are similar parts used to perform

similar functions (e.g. wheels, two by fours)?
Observations
Similarities expected if God created all life on
earth.
But, not unreasonable to say similarities would

exist if life evolved from a common ancestor.
Hebrews 11:6
And without faith it is impossible to please
Him, for he who comes to God must believe
that He is and that He is a rewarder of those
who seek Him.
Ambiguous Arguments: Homologous
Structures
 Other Observations:
Theory of evolution contrived such that no matter what
the evidence, a superficial explanation exists, and
experiments to “falsify” the theory cannot be devised.
This in itself makes the theory non-scientific.
Example:
Homologous Structures: Similar structures that
have a common ancestry
Analogous Structures: Features of organisms that
are similar but have evolved independently1
1. From Biology: Visualizing Life, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1998

Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood
Global flood extremely

catastrophic.
Extensive geologic changes /

activity Mt St. Helens (small flood)
Post-flood world very different

from pre-flood world
• Continents
• Mountains
• Rivers
• Climate Channeled Scablands (medium flood)
Massive, world-wide die-off of marine
life
• Genesis 7:11
• Osmium in shale-oil (volcanic activity)
Immersion of all land
• Genesis 7:19-20
Grand Canyon (large flood)
• Marine fossils on mountaintops
Ice Age (global flood)

Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood :
Fossil Graveyards
Redwall Limestone
Arizona/Nevada
10,500 square miles
Billions of extremely well preserved chambered
nautiloids
Estimated 24 cubic miles of lime sand and silt flowing
at 16 ft/s in soup-like slurry
Green River Formation (Wyoming,)

16,000 square miles. Alligator, fish (including
sunfish, deep sea bass, chubs, pickerel, herring,
and garpike 3–7 feet [1–2 m] long), birds, turtles,
mammals, mollusks, crustaceans, many varieties
of insects, and palm leaves (7–9 feet [2–2.5 m]
long) buried together.
Fossil Bluff (Tasmania)

Small marine creatures, toothed whale, marsupial
possum.
Bent Strata, Cross Bedding, Rapid

Transport and Burial
Coconino Sandstone (200,000 mi2)

Cross beds / sand waves, 3-5 mph,
10,000 mi3 in few days
Coarse grained / jagged edged

sandstone, transported >60 miles
Trilobite with well preserved Finely preserved jellyfish 80º tilt; “fresh” feldspar
compound lens system
Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood : Ice
Age
Genesis 7:11 “…fountains of the great deep burst open, and the
floodgates of the sky were opened.”
Biblically-Consistent Model:
Superheated water and volcanic activity during the flood resulted in
an increase in average ocean temperature, perhaps to as high as 85 F.
Residual volcanic ash in the atmosphere reduced sunlight. Warm water
provided moisture source for intense snowstorms over cold land masses,
leading to ice age.
No credible uniformitarian model exists for triggering an ice age of the

extent indicated.
Potential Effects of the Genesis Flood: Ice
Age
Estimated timeframe: Start: ~2300 B.C. / End:

~1700 B.C.
Relatively warm, unglaciated areas near coast

Wooly mammoths near arctic ocean
Hippos in England
Significantly different climate (wet deserts)

Age
"From whose womb has come the ice?

And the frost of heaven, who has given it birth? Job 38:29
Lot lifted up his eyes and saw all the valley of the Jordan,
that it was well watered everywhere Gen 13:10
Age
Water locked up in glaciers caused drastic reduction in sea level –

land bridge across Bering Strait
Helped people (scattered at Tower of Babel) and animals “fill the

earth” (Genesis 9:1)
Caves (where available) provided excellent shelter
Reduced sunlight and (potentially) poor diet may have frequently

caused skeletal deformities
Age
Catastrophic flooding at end of ice age responsible for many

geologic features
Freezing of northern oceans resulted in much colder

temperatures and extinction of many species
Noah’s World: Interesting Questions
Where was the Garden of Eden?

Genesis 2:10-14 River parted and became
four riverheads, Pishon, Gihon, Tigris,
Euphrates.
Where are those rivers today?
What was the highest point on earth prior to

the flood?
Noah’s World: Interesting Questions
How much technology did Noah’s world

have?
• Over 1650 years from Creation to the
flood.
• Common language worldwide.
• Brains closer to “perfect”, as originally
created by God.
Noah’s World:
Interesting
Questions
Did the original Creation
have one contiguous land
mass?
Genesis 1:9-10
Generally accepted by both

Christians and atheists
(Pangea, Rodinia)
Science
[email protected]
How Can We Reach
Intellectuals?
[email protected]
How Can We Reach Intellectuals?
1 Corinthians 1:18-30
How do we reach people who to varying

degrees worship the wisdom of the world?
Acts 17:16-24; 32-34

Possible Question:
virtually unlimited
Other Possible Questions / Statements
 All of the examples given for “microevolution” seem to be
either information-neutral or an actual loss of genetic
information. I don’t understand how numerous small losses in
information could lead to a significant information gain.
 I’m obviously showing my Christian bias here, but to me

similarities in different kinds of life are better explained by the
fact that all life was created by God.
 Every day scientists seem to be finding additional functions

for organs and structures in our body. I have trouble
understanding how evolutionists can claim there are 180
organs and structures in our bodies that have no function and
are merely evolutionary leftovers.
Atheistic “Intellectuals” will typically stay away from “origin of
life” discussions and instead attack the Bible on the issue of
the age of the universe.
Age issue not relevant if debate were strictly between

evolution and creation. Evolution doesn’t work, no matter how
old the universe.
Example: Fred Hoyle calculated that the odds of just the

proteins in an amoeba spontaneously arising at 1 in 1040,000 ,
i.e. 1 in 1 followed by 40,000 zeroes.
Given the prevailing evolutionary assumption of a 13.7 billion

year-old universe, how would those odds change if:
• 1 second for proteins to “arise” – 1 in 1040,017 (not much

worse)
• 1 quintillion yrs to arise - 1 in 1039,992 (not much better)
If the viability of evolution is not affected by the age
of the universe, why not just compromise on the
straightforward reading of the Bible?
1.God tells us not to distort scripture.
Question should be “What does God say?”,
not “Can we “interpret” scripture to say what
we wish He’d said?”
2 Peter 3:15-17 … just as our dear brother Paul also wrote you
with the wisdom that God gave him. He writes the same way in
all his letters, speaking in them of these matters. His letters
contain some things that are hard to understand, which ignorant
and unstable people distort, as they do the other Scriptures, to
their own destruction. You therefore, beloved, knowing this
beforehand, be on your guard so that you are not carried away by
the error of unprincipled men and fall from your own
steadfastness,
2. God tells us to put our faith in Him, not

human “wisdom”.
John 3:12
If I told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you
believe if I tell you heavenly things?
Hebrews 11:6
And without faith it is impossible to please Him, for he who comes
to God must believe that He is and that He is a rewarder of
those who seek Him.
1 Cor 1:25 Because the foolishness of God is wiser than men …
Romans 1:22 Professing to be wise, they became fools,

3. People aren’t saved by knowing evolution is
false. They must be able to trust and
understand the Bible to the point where they
are willing to obey the gospel.
2 Timothy 3:15
and that from childhood you have known the
sacred writings which are able to give you the
wisdom that leads to salvation through faith
which is in Christ Jesus.
Why should we believe in the miracle of Jesus’
death and resurrection if we are unwilling to
believe in miracles associated with Creation?
People are not saved by knowing
evolution is false
“The likelihood of the formation of life from

inanimate matter is one to a number with 40
thousand naughts [zeroes] after it. It is
Sir Frederick Hoyle enough to bury Darwin and the whole theory
of evolution. There was no primeval soup,
neither on this planet nor on any other, and
if the beginnings of life were not random
they must therefore have been the product of
purposeful intelligence.”
Sir Frederick Hoyle, author of Evolution from Space, quoted in Nature, 1981
4. If we are willing to compromise on “age”,
why not compromise in all other areas where a
straightforward reading of the Bible conflicts
with secular beliefs?
1 Samuel 15:13-15
Samuel came to Saul, and Saul said to him, "Blessed
are you of the LORD! I have carried out the command
of the LORD." But Samuel said, "What then is this
bleating of the sheep in my ears, and the lowing of the
oxen which I hear?" Saul said, "They have brought
them from the Amalekites, for the people spared the
best of the sheep and oxen, to sacrifice to the LORD
your God; but the rest we have utterly destroyed."
Distortion of Scripture is oft-used
Technique for Undermining Christianity
Example:
Groups promoting “Christian”
homosexuality
“Flaming for Christ” – Recent NYC Gay

Pride Parade. Episcopalians, Presbyterians,
Methodists, others who were “Flaming for Christ”
“Science has “proven” the existence of a gay gene.

If God made me this way, how can it be wrong?”
“Modern translations are not inspired”
“We don’t have the original Bible text. Many verses were added or changed
by homo-phobics in the early church.
“Bible condemns spiritual homosexuality, not physical.”

Intellectuals who generally believe the
Bible are also vulnerable
1 Timothy 6:20-21
20 O Timothy, guard what has been entrusted to
you, avoiding worldly and empty chatter and the
opposing arguments of what is falsely called
"knowledge"--
21 which some have professed and thus gone astray
from the faith Grace be with you.
Professed Bible-believers who deny the
inerrancy of the Bible or deny that nearly
everyone can understand the Bible are
damaging congregations and the church
Acts 20:28-30
28 "Be on guard for yourselves and for all the flock, among
which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers, to shepherd
the church of God which He purchased with His own blood.
29 "I know that after my departure savage wolves will
come in among you, not sparing the flock;
30 and from among your own selves men will arise,
speaking perverse things, to draw away the disciples after
them.
Age of the Universe
Genesis 1: How could God have made
it any clearer that he meant 6 literal
days?
-Outside Genesis 1 “yom” (Hebrew word for

day) used with a number 359 times in the Old
Testament, each usage refers to an ordinary
day.
- Outside Genesis 1, “yom” used with “evening”
and/or “morning” 35 times. Evening and
morning appear together 38 times. Each usage
refers to an ordinary day.
- Outside Genesis 1, “night” (Genesis 1:5) used
Age of the Universe
How could God have made it any clearer
that he meant 6 literal days (cont.)?
Numerous Hebrew words available if God had

wanted to communicate long periods of time
(e.g. “olam”, “qedem”).
God could have also used “innumerable as …

(stars, grains of sand, etc.).
Even plural of “yom” (not used in Genesis 1)

could have been used.
Meaning of “yom”
Question of meaning posed to heads of
Semitic Departments at nine major
universities. Seven responded.
All seven (Columbia, Harvard, McGill, Yale,

Toronto, Manitoba, University of London)
stated that the Hebrew word “yom”, when
modified by a numerical adjective, can be
taken to mean only a period of 24 hours.
Arthur Custance (1977) Hidden Things of God’s Revelation,

Zondervan
How could God have made it any clearer that
he meant 6 literal days?
“So far as I know, there is no professor of Hebrew
or Old Testament at any world-class university who
does not believe that the writer(s) of Gen 1-11
intended to convey to their readers the ideas that
(a) creation took place in a series of six days which
were the same as the days of 24 hours we now
experience (b) the figures contained in the Genesis
genealogies provided by simple addition a
chronology from the beginning of the world up to
later stages in the biblical story (c) Noah’s Flood
was understood to be worldwide and extinguish all
human and animal life except for those in the ark.”
Dr. James Barr, Regius Professor of Hebrew at Oxford University, 23 April 1984
How could God have made it any clearer that
he meant 6 literal days?
“If, for example, the word “day” in these
chapters does not mean a period of twenty-
four hours, the interpretation of scripture is
hopeless.”
Can the Bible be understood and
interpreted by the average person, or
must we rely on an elite few to tell
us what God really meant to say?
Professor Marcus Dods, New College, Edinburgh, Expositor’s Bible,
1888
What are some implications of
denying Biblical Creationism?
Nearly all “old-earth” theories require death and
suffering prior to Adam’s sin.
Would a loving, merciful God declare death and

suffering amongst higher animals “very good”
(Gen 1:31)?
•Major stumbling block for many people (including

Darwin)
What are some implications of
denying Biblical Creationism?
Numerous teachings based on Genesis (e.g. Mt
19:4-6 / Ge 1:27)
Mt 19:4-6 “And He answered and said, "Have you

not read that He who created them from the
beginning MADE THEM MALE AND FEMALE, and
said, 'FOR THIS REASON A MAN SHALL LEAVE HIS
FATHER AND MOTHER AND BE JOINED TO HIS
WIFE, AND THE TWO SHALL BECOME ONE FLESH'?
"So they are no longer two, but one flesh. What
therefore God has joined together, let no man
separate."
Can “Evolution” really be reconciled with
Biblical Creationism?
Biblical Creation Evolution

Earth before sun and stars Stars and sun before earth
Earth initially covered water Earth initially molten blob
Ocean first, then dry land Dry land, then oceans
Life first created on land Life started in oceans
Plants created before sun Plants came long after sun
Land animals after birds Land animals before birds
Whales before land animals Land animals before whales
that he meant a global flood?
Genesis 6:13
Then God said to Noah, "The end of all flesh has come
before Me; for the earth is filled with violence because
of them; and behold, I am about to destroy them with
the earth.
Genesis 6:17
Behold, I, even I am bringing the flood of water upon the earth, to
destroy all flesh in which is the breath of life, from under heaven;
everything that is on the earth shall perish.
Genesis 7:4
For after seven more days, I will send rain on the earth forty days
and forty nights; and I will blot out from the face of the land every
living thing that I have made."
that he meant a global flood?
Genesis 7:19-23
19 The water prevailed more and more upon the earth, so that all the
high mountains everywhere under the heavens were covered.
20 The water prevailed fifteen cubits higher, and the mountains were
covered.
21 All flesh that moved on the earth perished, birds and cattle and
beasts and every swarming thing that swarms upon the earth, and all
mankind;
22 of all that was on the dry land, all in whose nostrils was the breath
of the spirit of life, died.
23 Thus He blotted out every living thing that was upon the face of
the land, from man to animals to creeping things and to birds of the
sky, and they were blotted out from the earth; and only Noah was left,
together with those that were with him in the ark.
What are some implications of denying
the global flood?
Genesis 9:11 – do we still have “local” floods?

1 Peter 3:20-21 - … when the patience of God kept waiting in
the days of Noah, during the construction of the ark, in which
a few, that is, eight persons, were brought safely through the
water. And corresponding to that, baptism now saves you—
not the removal of dirt from the flesh, but an appeal to God for
a good conscience—through the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
What does 1 Peter 3:20-21 mean if people could

have survived without being on the ark? If we’re
smart enough can we save ourselves?
Important for Christian “Intellectuals” to realize that
“The big bang today relies on a growing

number of hypothetical entities, things that we
have never observed-- inflation, dark matter
and dark energy are the most prominent
examples. Without them, there would be a
fatal contradiction between the observations
made by astronomers and the predictions of
the big bang theory. In no other field of physics
would this continual recourse to new
hypothetical objects be accepted as a way of
bridging the gap between theory and
observation. It would, at the least, raise
Important for Christian “Intellectuals” to realize that
What is more, the big bang theory can

boast of no quantitative predictions that
have subsequently been validated by
observation. The successes claimed by
the theory's supporters consist of its
ability to retrospectively fit observations
with a steadily increasing array of
adjustable parameters, just as the old
Earth-centered cosmology of Ptolemy
needed layer upon layer of epicycles.
Radiocarbon Dating
 Carbon-14 (14C, 6 protons / 8
neutrons) primarily formed by
cosmic ray interactions with
nitrogen in atmosphere.
 Because of this interaction,
fraction of carbon in carbon
dioxide (about one part per
trillion) is 14C, half-life 5730 years.
 Trees obtain carbon from carbon
dioxide in air. When tree dies,
carbon uptake stops.
Concentration of 14C decreases to
50% of original after 5730 years,
25% of original after 11,460
years, etc.
Radiocarbon Dating
 What if cosmic ray flux in atmosphere was
different in past?
 Variations in solar activity.
 Variations in Earth’s magnetic field.
 Whatif carbon dioxide concentrations in air
were different in past?
 Most secular scientists predict much higher
concentration prior to formation of coal, oil and
natural gas deposits.
 How much 14C in original creation? How was
it distributed?
 What if radioactive decay rates accelerated
during Creation week or flood?
 How can there be 14C in coal and diamonds
supposedly millions of years old?
Accelerated Radioactive Decay?
June 8, 2009
“Ultrasonic cavitation of water speeds up thorium
decay”
It is a common belief that radioactive decay rates are
unchanged by external conditions, despite many
examples of small shifts (particularly involving external
pressure and K-capture decays) being well documented
and understood. However, Fabio Cardone of the Institute
per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati in Rome and
colleagues have shown a dramatic increase – by a factor
of 10,000 – in the decay rate of thorium-228 in water as a
result of ultrasonic cavitation. Exactly what the physics is
and whether or not this sort of effect can be scaled up
into a technology for nuclear waste treatment remain
open issues.
CERN Courier / International Journal of High Energy Physics, June 8, 2009

Full article: F Cardone, R Mignani and A Petrucci 2009 Phys. Lett. A 373 1956.
Accelerated Radioactive Decay?
Popular Science (8/26/2010, Boyle)
"The sun, at 93 million miles away, appears to
be influencing the decay of radioactive
elements inside the Earth, researchers say." A
study by Stanford and Purdue scientists found
"that the core of the sun -- where nuclear
reactions produce neutrinos -- spins more slowly
than the surface. This phenomenon might
explain changing rates of radioactive decay
scientists observed at two separate labs. But it
does not explain why the decay-change
happens. That violates the laws of physics as
we know them." The article asks, "How could
the nebulous neutrino, which does not interact
with normal matter, be affecting decay rates?
No one knows. It might be a previously unknown
particle instead."
Helium Retention in Zircons
Helium retention in
zircons consistent
with significant
radioactive decay in
recent past
Don DeYoung, PhD “Raising the Bar on Creation Research,” Answers, May 2, 2006
Discordances Between Estimated Ages
Present half-lives versus

isochron ‘ages’ for the different
radioisotopes ‘dating’ the
Brahma amphibolites.
Discordances indicate fundamental flaw in

typical radiometric dating assumptions.
1. Snelling, Andrew “Radioisotope dating of rocks in the Grand Canyon”, Creation
27(3):44–49, June 2005 .
Observations
 Estimates of the Age of the Universe
depend on starting assumptions.
 Assumptions made by non-believers
historically driven by desire to prove
“uniformitarianism” or an extremely old
earth (2 Peter 3:3-4).
 Reliance on “Dark Matter”, “Dark Energy”,
and other “things that we as yet know
nothing about” show weakness in atheistic
theories related to universe.
 Carbon-14 in coal/diamonds, helium
retention in zircons, discordant radiometric
dates and other observations show
weakness in atheistic assumptions related
to radiometric dating.
Observations
“Age” discussion of the early 21st century
analogous to spontaneous generation
discussion of the late 19th century
True science always confirms the Bible

1 Peter 3:14-15
righteousness, you are blessed AND DO NOT
FEAR THEIR INTIMIDATION, AND DO NOT BE
TROUBLED, but sanctify Christ as Lord in your
hearts, always being ready to make a defense to
everyone who asks you to give an account for the
hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and
reverence;
2 Timothy 3:16
All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is
profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for
instruction in righteousness,
How Can We Reach
Intellectuals?
[email protected]

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Why I Gave Up Atheism For Christianity: Michael G. Houts, PHD

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Why I Gave up Atheism for

Michael G. Houts, PhD

Percentage of people claiming “No Religion” has doubled

Rise of “militant atheists,” anti-Christian media, anti-

Inordinately forgiving, nice, kids you could count on.

Didn’t focus on trying to get away with things, respectful to

Avoided school dances, unsupervised parties, and other

Bible-believing students respectfully disagreed.

Biology teacher proceeded to ridicule and otherwise

Attitudes towards others.

Negative consequences from what non-believers

Age of the universe.

Dinosaurs created the same day as man.

2 Timothy 4:2 Preach the word! Be ready in season and

However, very few give the Biblical plan of salvation.

The fact that different prayers or thoughts are claimed by

Denominations are equally confusing.

1 Timothy 2:3-4 For this is good and acceptable in the

2 Corinthians 4:1 Therefore, since we have this ministry,

Michael G. Houts, PhD

Michael G. Houts, PhD

Genesis 1:27 So God created man in His own image; in the

National Association of Biology Teachers (1995)

Genesis 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens

Atheistic/Evolutionist View (example) "About 15

“What is the value of

“Current evidence favors

Dark energy considered “even

Dark Matter and Dark Energy can be

Assumptions + Observations + Fudge

Fudge factors allow any combination of

“The big bang today relies on a growing

What is more, the big bang theory can

Genesis 1:11 (Day 3)

Genesis 1:20 (Day 5)

Genesis 1:24 (Day 6)

 Smallest proteins consist of about 70 amino acids. Odds

Michael G. Houts, PhD

True science is actually the enemy of the

Scientific progress on topics such as

True science and data show the weakness of

No matter how good our intentions, we must

While many people refer to conjectures related to

Advances in true (operational) science have repeatedly

Numerous Old Testament Teachings on False Religion

The same observation holds true for most evolutionists

 Variation is the raw material for natural selection

 Examples: Peppered Moth, Sickle Cell Anemia,

1. Information to resist the antibiotic already in the bacterial population.

3. Mutation: Loss of a control gene may enhance resistance to penicillin

(5 of 27 possible combinations shown) (Tremendous variation from original created kind)

Michael G. Houts, PhD

Vestigial structures (as defined above) do not exist.

So-called “vestigial structures” are evidence for

1. Biology: An Everyday Experience, Glencoe, McGraw Hill, 1999, pp 620-621

Arguments concerning “Junk DNA” are analogous to those

Belief in “Vestigial Structures” has slowed scientific

Data and true science are the enemy of the

The last word, New Scientist 177(2381):65, 8 February 2003.